Incineration of Pelletized Fly Ash in a Bench-scale Fluidized Bed Combustor

Shen, Hung-Ming; Wang, Ya-Fen; Chyang, Chien-Song; Yang, Hsiang-Yuan

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2019.06.0315

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The PCDDs concentrations generally increase with the increasing degree of chlorination (nCl) of the congeners; OCDD is usually present in higher amounts, followed by 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD. A more random distribution occurs for PCDFs; the hepta, hexa and penta PCDFs, being more prevalent than OCDF [35,124,129,131,[141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148]. Moreover, in MSWI bottom ashes lower PCDD/Fs concentrations were found in larger particles [149,150], which suggest that ash separation may provide less contaminated fractions.…”

Section: Origin Generation and Fate Of Pcdd/fs And Pahs In Combustion Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into PCDD/Fs and PAHs in Biomass Boilers Envisaging Risks of Ash Use as Fertilizers

Lopes

Proença

2020

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since ashes are a possible source of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) contamination, their application in soils must be subject to more study and control. In this scope, feed residual forest biomasses and biomass ashes, collected along one year in four biomass power stations, were characterized mainly for their polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) contents. The biomasses present concerning levels of Cl (0.04–0.28%) that may lead to PCDD/Fs formation. The biomasses also contain OCDD (29–260 ng/kg) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD (35 ng/kg) that may contribute to increased Toxic Equivalents (TEQs) of ashes, possibly involving dichlorination and ash enrichment mechanisms. While the World Health Organization (WHO)2005-TEQs in bottom ashes (14–20 ng TEQ/kg) reaches the proposed limit (20 ng TEQ/kg) for ash use as fertilizers, in fly ashes (35–1139 ng TEQ/kg) the limit is exceeded. PAHs are below 0.02 mg/kg in bottom ashes and 1.5–2.5 mg/kg in fly ashes, complying with the proposed limit of 6 mg/kg. As bottom and fly ash streams may contain different ash flows, a clear definition of ash mixes is required. Correlations between unburned carbon (C), PAHs and PCDD/Fs were not found, which highlights the need for compulsory PCDD/Fs analysis in ashes, independently of their origin, burnout degree or levels of other contaminants. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of handling non-detected values, which showed more impact for TEQs values close to the proposed regulatory limit of PCDD/Fs. These findings highlight the need to define reporting protocols of analytical results for risk assessments and conformity evaluation.

show abstract

Section: Origin Generation and Fate Of Pcdd/fs And Pahs In Combustion Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into PCDD/Fs and PAHs in Biomass Boilers Envisaging Risks of Ash Use as Fertilizers

Lopes

Proença

2020

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In many developing countries, including Pakistan, incinerators consist of primary and secondary combustion chambers for treatment of medical wastes [ 14 ], while the WHO recommended standard is a multi-chambered incinerator. In these incinerators, an absorption combination wet cyclone ensures the removal of gaseous particles, [ 15 ] whereas other low weighted air particles are preferably removed by lowering the temperature up to 200 °C [ 16 ]. In general, these incinerators work on high temperature and gas retention time frames and therefore require a huge quantity of fossil fuels to reach the desired temperature in their combustion chambers [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current practices of waste management in teaching hospitals and presence of incinerators in densely populated areas

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Hospital waste management (HWM) practices are the core need to run a proper health care facility. This study encompasses the HWM practices in teaching hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan and examine the enforcement of Pak HWM (2005) rules and risks through transmission of pathogens via blood fluids, air pollution during waste incineration and injuries occurring in conjunction with open burning and dumping. Methods A questionnaire based on World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations was used to survey the selected private and public teaching hospital (n = 16). Site visits and personnel observations were also included in the data. It was spatio-statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, Krushkal-wallis and Fisher’s exact tests. Results The findings revealed that the lack of HWM practices in all surveyed hospitals (p > 0.05), besides statistical difference (p < 0.017) in waste generation/day. No proper segregation of waste from generation point to final disposal was practiced. However, the performance of private teaching hospitals (50%) was found better in terms of HWM personnel and practices. In surveyed hospitals, only nine hospitals (56.3%) were found with the incinerator facility while rest of the hospitals (43.7%) practiced open dumping. Moreover, operational parameters of the incinerators were not found satisfactory and located in densely populated areas and emitting hazardous gases. Conclusion Proper HWM practices are not being followed in the light of WHO guidelines. Hospital waste impose serious menace to healthcare workers and to nearby population. WHO issued documents for improving HWM practices but triggered no change in Pakistan. To improve the situation, insights in this context is need for enforcement of rules.

show abstract

Applications of crushing and grinding-based treatments for typical metal-containing solid wastes: Detoxification and resource recovery potentials

Yang

et al. 2022

Environmental Pollution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Incineration of Pelletized Fly Ash in a Bench-scale Fluidized Bed Combustor

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

Insights into PCDD/Fs and PAHs in Biomass Boilers Envisaging Risks of Ash Use as Fertilizers

Insights into PCDD/Fs and PAHs in Biomass Boilers Envisaging Risks of Ash Use as Fertilizers

Current practices of waste management in teaching hospitals and presence of incinerators in densely populated areas

Applications of crushing and grinding-based treatments for typical metal-containing solid wastes: Detoxification and resource recovery potentials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About