Inclusion Body Myositis Associated With Human T-Lymphotropic Virus-Type I Infection

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the association of human T-lymphotropic virus-type I (HTLV-I) infection with sporadic inclusion body myositis in 11 patients from an endemic area in Japan. The clinical features were consistent with sporadic inclusion body myositis, and anti-HTLV-I antibodies were present in the sera of all patients. Their muscle biopsies showed the diagnostic features of inclusion body myositis, including endomysial T-cell infiltration, rimmed vacuoles, deposits of phosphorylated tau, and abnormal filaments in the nuclei and cytoplasm of the myofibers. The fibers expressed major histocompatibility complex class I antigens and were invaded by CD8 and CD4 cells. In a single human leukocyte antigen-A2-positive patient, in situ human leukocyte antigen-A*0201 / Tax11-19-pentamer staining showed pentamer-positive cells surrounding the muscle fibers. Double-immunogold silver staining and polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization revealed that HTLV-I proviral DNA was localized on helper-inducer T cells, but not on muscle fibers. Human T-lymphotropic virus-type I proviral loads in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from each patient were similar to those in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. This study suggests that HTLV-I infection may be one of the causes of sporadic inclusion body myositis, as has been reported in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection.

O vírus linfotrópico de células T humanos tipo 1 (HTLV-1): Quando suspeitar da infecção?

“…Myopathy can affect patients irrespective of the presence of other neurological manifestations. In one region of Japan, between 1986 and 2006, Matsuura et al 42 observed higher prevalence rates for the combination of inclusion body myositis and HTLV (11 out of 21 patients, 52.3%), than for polymyositis (27.5%), with a seropositivity rate of 11.6% in the general population. They identified a high proviral load and immune susceptibility as the principal factors in emergence of the pathological process.…”

Seroprevalencia del virus linfotrópico humano de tipos I y II en donantes del Banco de Sangre de la Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia, 2008-2014

“…Entre las descritas hasta el momento figuran la leucemia o linfoma de células T, la paraparesia espástica tropical o miopatía asociada al HTLV, la uveítis, múltiples alteraciones dermatológicas, la miositis, la polimiositis, la polineuropatía, los trastornos psiquiátricos, las infecciones oportunistas, la infección por Strongyloides stercoralis y las condiciones reumatológicas autoinmunitarias (8)(9)(10). Se ha reportado la asociación entre el desarrollo de un tipo específico de enfermedad y la vía de transmisión del virus.…”

Cellular Immune Responses against Simian T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Target Tax in Infected Baboons

“…HTLV-1 is the causative agent of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) (5) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) (6). Additionally, other diseases have also been associated with chronic HTLV-1 infection, including dermatologic conditions (7), uveitis (8), and myositis (9).…”