Inclusion effect of jack mackerel meal as feed stimulants in diets replacing different levels of fish meal with various animal protein sources on growth performance of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Replacement Effect of Fish Meal by Plant Protein Sources in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Feeds with an Addition of Jack Mackerel Meal on Growth, Feed Availability, and Biochemical Composition

“…Growth performance of olive flounder was directly responded from feed consumption, and it resulted in no difference in feed utilization. Likewise, dietary FM substitution with various protein sources did not alter feed utilization [ 33 , 57 – 59 ] or biological indices of fish [ 33 , 57 ]. Ng et al [ 27 ] also proved that 50% FM substitution by CPC in diet did not influence feed utilization (FER and PER), biological indices, intraperitoneal fat, or gonadosomatic index of red hybrid tilapia.…”

“…The biochemical composition (proximate composition, and AA and FA profiles) of the whole-body fish, except for the significant effect of replacement source on glycine, was not altered by dietary treatments in the current study. Likewise, the biochemical composition of the whole body of olive flounder was not influenced by either dietary replacement level or dietary replacement source [ 33 ]. The proximate composition of the whole body of fish was not influenced by dietary FM substitution by various plant protein sources [ 17 , 40 – 42 ].…”

“…No distinctive differences in lysozyme and SOD activities of fish were found among dietary treatments in the current study, probably demonstrating that dietary 25% and 50% FM replacements by CGM, SPC, and CPC did not deteriorate innate immunity of olive flounder. Likewise, dietary FM replacement by plant protein (soybean meal and CGM) or animal protein sources did not influence the innate immune response of olive flounder [ 33 , 41 ]. Unlike these studies, however, dietary FM replacement by fermented soybean meal elevated SOD and glutathione peroxidase activities of rockfish [ 73 ].…”

“…Later, the dietary optimum inclusion level of JMM was reported to be at 12% for the best growth and highest feed consumption of olive flounder [ 32 ]. In the study of Jeong and Cho [ 33 ], FM up to 25, and 50% could be substituted by meat meal and chicken and tuna byproduct meals, respectively in olive flounder diets supplemented with 12% JMM as feed stimulants without compromising growth.…”

Fish Meal Substitution Effects with the Combined Animal Proteins in the Feeds of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) on Growth Performance, Feed Availability, and Disease Resistance against Streptococcus iniae

“…Incorporating feed attractants and stimulants into developing low-FM feeds is a very effective way to improve the feed consumption of fish. For instance, jack mackerel meal exhibited the strongest feed attractant response to olive flounder [64] among various crude protein sources, and its incorporation in low-FM diets substituting various sources of animal and plant proteins for FM improved feed availability and growth of olive flounder [65,66]. Nevertheless, the effect of feed attractants and stimulants on the performance of fish may vary depending on the fish species [67].…”