Inclusion of a Simple Vegetation Layer in Terrain Temperature Models for Thermal Infrared (IR) Signature Prediction

Impact of plants obscuration on energy balance: Theoretical and numerical study

“…With (k) the Von Karman constant (k≈ 0.40) and (um) the wind speed measured at the distance (zU). Whereas, the displacement height (d0) and the roughness lengths (z0H) and (z0m) are calculated, according to [33], as a function of the height of the plant canopy (hf) : The resistance to sensible heat transfer (rc) intervenes inside the plant layer. It is determined as a function of the velocity of the air flow within the plant canopy (uc) using the relationship below [34][35][36]:…”