“…5 Another long-standing example of inter-professional cooperation can be found in Louisville, Kentucky at the Kentuckiana Children's Center, 6 , 7 a cooperative non-profit center maintaining operations for special needs children by providing chiropractic care in conjunction with nutritional evaluation, visual therapy, physical and occupational therapy, dental services, and special education with off-site medical/allied health professions since 1957, which has published a number of case studies and case series. 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 The Spears Chiropractic Hospital of Denver, Colorado opened by Leo Spears, D.C. in 1943 differentiated itself from the specialized patient populations of Clear View and Kentuckiana by offering chiropractic care to the general patient population 12 while providing medical services through doctors of osteopathy despite intense opposition by medical interests in Colorado until the hospital's closing in 1984.…”