Inclusion of new 5-fluorouracil amphiphilic derivatives in liposome formulation for cancer treatment

Abstract

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely employed in the treatment of some of the most frequently occurring malignant tumours such as breast, colon, and skin cancer. Unfortunately, 5-FU exhibits high toxicity and low tumor affinity with the risk of limited effectiveness and severe side effects for the patients. Numerous derivatives have been synthesized to improve the physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties of 5-FU, diminishing or circumventing some of its disadvantages. Three 4-substituted 5-fluoropyrimidines characterized by the presence of a polyoxyethylene chain of different lengths and a hydrophobic alkyl chain were synthesized and characterized. The new 5-FU derivatives were included in cationic liposomes formulated with a natural phospholipid and a cationic gemini surfactant to be delivered to cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of the formulations was evaluated by MTT assay on the HCT116 cancer cell line in vitro. The investigated liposome formulations showed a higher cytotoxicity compared to the free drug, thus showing great potential in cancer therapy

Controlling the Release of Amphiphilic Liposomes from Alginate Hydrogel Particles for Antifouling Paint

“…To apply amphiphilic surface treatment on large surfaces, a coating that includes hydrogel particles containing amphiphilic liposomes has been developed . Liposomes are spherical vesicles consisting of one or more lipid bilayers; their properties such as size, wettability, and surface charge depend on the lipid composition and production method. − By embedding hydrophobic molecules or polymers in the lipid bilayer, amphiphilic liposomes can be produced. Although these amphiphilic liposomes enhance the antifouling performance of surfaces coated with nontoxic paint, they are recommended to be encapsulated in protective materials such as hydrogels, polymeric microcapsules, or silica to maintain their long-term functionality in oceans. − …”

Synthesis, Characterization and Preliminary Anticancer Study of Novel 5-fluorouracil Conjugate with Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate as a Mutual Anticancer Prodrug

“…(4)(5)(6) where NF-κB inhibition is independent of its antioxidant property (7) . 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) the Fluorinated analogue of uracil, one of the commonly used chemotherapy drugs in anticancer therapy, for a variety of human malignancies breast cancer, head, and neck cancer (8) , skin cancer, (9) colorectal and other gastrointestinal cancers (10) . also ovarian and liver cancers (11) .…”

Unexpected Racemization in the Course of the Acetalization of (+)-(S)-5-Methyl-Wieland–Miescher Ketone with 1,2-Ethanediol and TsOH under Classical Experimental Conditions

“…In the course of our work on bioactive natural products and bioactive materials [117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124], it occurred to us to observe the partial racemization of (+)-5 during the acetalization of (+)-1 with 1,2-ethanediol and TsOH in the presence of a Dean-Stark apparatus. According to our best knowledge, obtaining partially racemized (+)-5 or (−)-5 when the acetalization reaction is carried out by this procedure on (+)-1 or (-)-1 [33,35,39,40,44,48,49,72,77,81,84,87-91,116], respectively, has not been previously reported in the literature, which was the reason behind investigating this reaction.…”

“…According to our best knowledge, obtaining partially racemized (+)-5 or (−)-5 when the acetalization reaction is carried out by this procedure on (+)-1 or (-)-1 [33,35,39,40,44,48,49,72,77,81,84,87-91,116], respectively, has not been previously reported in the literature, which was the reason behind investigating this reaction. In the course of our work on bioactive natural products and bioactive materials [117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124], it occurred to us to observe the partial racemization of (+)-5 during the acetalization of (+)-1 with 1,2-ethanediol and TsOH in the presence of a Dean-Stark apparatus. According to our best knowledge, obtaining partially racemized (+)-5 or (−)-5 when the acetalization reaction is carried out by this procedure on (+)-1 or (-)-1 [33,35,39,40,44,48,49,72,77,81,84,[87][88][89][90][91]116], respectively, has not been previously reported in the literature, which was the reason behind investigating this reaction.…”