Inclusion of riboflavin in β-cyclodextrin: A fluorimetric and absorption spectrometric study

Water-soluble cationic poly(β-cyclodextrin-co-guanidine) as a controlled vitamin B2delivery carrier

“…[68][69][70] In the last decades, different research groups decided to encapsulation of VB 2 with CDs. In this regards, inclusion complexes between b-CD, [71][72][73][74][75] a-CD 72 and some of its derivatives such as 2-hydroxypropyl-b-CD (HP-b-CD) 76 with VB 2 have been reported. These researches have demonstrated that VB 2 can form stable inclusion complexes (molar ratio 1 : 1) with b-CD.…”

Supramolecular Host–Guest Chemistry-Based Folate/Riboflavin Functionalization and Cancer Cell Labeling of Nanoparticles

“…Host–guest interaction leads to the increased absorption/emission band of folate/riboflavin, similar to CD–folate and CD–riboflavin systems. , Folic acid and riboflavin make inclusion complex by incorporating their hydrophobic part into the hydrophobic cavity of β-CD. This fact restricts their vibrational rotation, leading to significant increment in absorbance and fluorescence . Considering the reasonably high association constant for this type host–guest complexation (in the order of 10 5 –10 6 M –1 ) − and 1–70 molar ratio of CD to folate/riboflavin used it can be assumed that most of the folate/riboflavin are bound to CD at the 10–50 molar ratio and some of them may be free at the 1–5 molar ratio.…”

“…Host–guest interaction leads to the increased absorption/emission band of folate/riboflavin, similar to CD–folate 39 and CD–riboflavin systems. 37 , 38 Folic acid and riboflavin make inclusion complex by incorporating their hydrophobic part into the hydrophobic cavity of β-CD. This fact restricts their vibrational rotation, leading to significant increment in absorbance and fluorescence.…”

“…This fact restricts their vibrational rotation, leading to significant increment in absorbance and fluorescence . Considering the reasonably high association constant for this type host–guest complexation (in the order of 10 5 –10 6 M –1 ) − and 1–70 molar ratio of CD to folate/riboflavin used it can be assumed that most of the folate/riboflavin are bound to CD at the 10–50 molar ratio and some of them may be free at the 1–5 molar ratio. In addition, the number of folate/riboflavin bound on each QD may vary from 1 to 35 as the molar ratio of CD to folate/riboflavin is varied from 50 to 2.…”

“…It is known that folate and riboflavin receptors are over-expressed in several types of cancer cells and their covalent conjugates with polymers/nanoparticles/CD are used for targeting cancer cells. − However, the host–guest interaction-based functionalization of folate/riboflavins is not extensively utilized in cell targeting, except in one report and without details of the uptake mechanism . This is because of weaker host–guest interaction as compared to CD–adamantane or CD–ferrocene. − Here, we show that quantum dots (QDs) functionalized with folate/riboflavin via the host–guest interaction can successfully label cells that have over-expressed folate/riboflavin receptors and induce the endocytosis pathway similar to nanoprobes that have covalently conjugated folate/riboflavin. However, labeling is highly sensitive to the ratio of folate/riboflavin to CD and incubation time.…”