Inclusion of vegetation in the Town Energy Balance model for modelling urban green areas

Lemonsu, Aude; Masson, V.; Shashua‐Bar, Limor; Erell, Evyatar; Pearlmutter, David

doi:10.5194/gmd-5-1377-2012

Cited by 135 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The geometry of the canyon is now better represented (buildings are too close together if gardens are discarded). The gardens improve the simulation of the canyon micro-climate (opening the path to comfort studies), the snowmelt and, more generally, the incoming radiation on building walls (Lemonsu et al, 2012). Further developments will include vegetated roofs and improved internal building energetics (note that the latter is pertinent because the wall energy balance is treated separately from the road).…”

Section: The Town Energy Balance (Teb) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SURFEXv7.2 land and ocean surface platform for coupled or offline simulation of earth surface variables and fluxes

et al. 2013

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Abstract. SURFEX is a new externalized land and ocean surface platform that describes the surface fluxes and the evolution of four types of surfaces: nature, town, inland water and ocean. It is mostly based on pre-existing, well-validated scientific models that are continuously improved. The motivation for the building of SURFEX is to use strictly identical scientific models in a high range of applications in order to mutualise the research and development efforts. SURFEX can be run in offline mode (0-D or 2-D runs) or in coupled mode (from mesoscale models to numerical weather prediction and climate models). An assimilation mode is included for numerical weather prediction and monitoring. In addition to momentum, heat and water fluxes, SURFEX is able to simulate fluxes of carbon dioxide, chemical species, continental aerosols, sea salt and snow particles. The main principles of the organisation of the surface are described first. Then, a survey is made of the scientific module (including the coupling strategy). Finally, the main applications of the code are summarised. The validation work undertaken shows that replacing the pre-existing surface models by SURFEX in these applications is usually associated with improved skill, as the numerous scientific developments contained in this community code are used to good advantage.

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Section: The Town Energy Balance (Teb) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SURFEXv7.2 land and ocean surface platform for coupled or offline simulation of earth surface variables and fluxes

et al. 2013

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“…It is based on the canyon hypothesis (Masson, 2000;Lemonsu et al, 2012;Masson et al, 2013). Previous work was performed to use the TEB in a specific winter context (Pigeon et al, 2008), with a simple description of the traffic effect on the street atmosphere: the corresponding heat flux is added as a source term in the urban canyon.…”

Section: The Town Energy Balance Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounting for anthropic energy flux of traffic in winter urban road surface temperature simulations with the TEB model

Khalifa

Marchetti

Bouilloud³

et al. 2016

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. Snowfall forecasts help winter maintenance of road networks, ensure better coordination between services, cost control, and a reduction in environmental impacts caused by an inappropriate use of de-icers. In order to determine the possible accumulation of snow on pavements, forecasting the road surface temperature (RST) is mandatory. Weather outstations are used along these networks to identify changes in pavement status, and to make forecasts by analyzing the data they provide. Physical numerical models provide such forecasts, and require an accurate description of the infrastructure along with meteorological parameters. The objective of this study was to build a reliable urban RST forecast with a detailed integration of traffic in the Town Energy Balance (TEB) numerical model for winter maintenance. The study first consisted in generating a physical and consistent description of traffic in the model with two approaches to evaluate traffic incidence on RST. Experiments were then conducted to measure the effect of traffic on RST increase with respect to non-circulated areas. These field data were then used for comparison with the forecast provided by this traffic-implemented TEB version.

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“…Consequently, this section is focused on the description of the radiative exchanges in the initial version of TEB. The parameterization of turbulent heat fluxes and of heat conduction processes, as well as the calculations of microclimate parameters within the canyon, are not presented here but they are detailed by Masson (2000), Lemonsu et al (2004), Hamdi and Masson (2008), Masson andSeity (2009), andLemonsu et al (2012). The TEB urban canyons are assumed to be of infinite length so that there is no street intersection.…”

Section: General Principles Of Solar Radiation Exchange Parameterizatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For such modeling exercises, TEB had been previously improved in order to explicitly represent urban vegetation within the canyon and to parameterize at small scale the radiative and energetic interactions between the built-up covers and the vegetation (Lemonsu et al, 2012). All types of vegetation are however managed as a ground-based layer: leaves can be in shade of buildings but do not create shadow effects themselves on roads or buildings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of street trees within the solar radiative exchange parameterization of TEB in SURFEX v8.0

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The Town Energy Balance (TEB) model has been refined and improved in order to explicitly represent street trees and their impacts on radiative transfer: a new vegetated stratum on the vertical plane, which can shade the road, the walls, and the low vegetation has been added. This modification led to more complex radiative calculations, but has been done with a concern to preserve a certain level of simplicity and to limit the number of new input parameters for TEB to the cover fraction of trees, the mean height of trunks and trees, their specific leaf area index, and albedo. Indeed, the model is designed to be run over whole cities, for which it can simulate the local climatic variability related to urban landscape heterogeneity at the neighborhood scale. This means that computing times must be acceptable, and that input urban data must be available or easy to define. This simplified characterization of high vegetation necessarily induces some uncertainties in terms of the solar radiative exchanges, as quantified by comparison of TEB with a highspatial-resolution solar enlightenment model (SOLENE). On the basis of an idealized geometry of an urban canyon with various vegetation layouts, TEB is evaluated regarding the total shortwave radiation flux absorbed by the elements that compose the canyon. TEB simulations in summer gathered best scores for all configurations and surfaces considered, which is precisely the most relevant season to assess the cooling effect of deciduous trees under temperate climate. Mean absolute differences and biases of 6.03 and +3.50 W m −2 for road, respectively, and of 3.38 and +2.80 W m −2 for walls have been recorded in vegetationless canyons. In view of the important incident radiation flux, exceeding 1000 W m −2 at solar noon, the mean absolute percentage differences of 3 % for both surfaces remain moderate. Concerning the vegetated canyons, we noted a high variability of statistical scores depending on the vegetation layout. The greater uncertainties are found for the solar radiation fluxes received and absorbed by the high vegetation. The mean absolute differences averaged over the vegetation configurations during summertime are 21.12 ± 13.39 W m −2 or 20.92 ± 10.87 % of mean absolute percentage differences for the total shortwave absorption, but these scores are associated with acceptable biases: −15.96 ± 15.93 W m −2 .

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Inclusion of vegetation in the Town Energy Balance model for modelling urban green areas

Cited by 135 publications

References 36 publications

The SURFEXv7.2 land and ocean surface platform for coupled or offline simulation of earth surface variables and fluxes

The SURFEXv7.2 land and ocean surface platform for coupled or offline simulation of earth surface variables and fluxes

Accounting for anthropic energy flux of traffic in winter urban road surface temperature simulations with the TEB model

Implementation of street trees within the solar radiative exchange parameterization of TEB in SURFEX v8.0

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