We present a complete evaluation for J/ψ(ψ') prompt production at the Tevatron and LHC at next-to-leading order in nonrelativistic QCD, including color-singlet, color-octet, and higher charmonia feeddown contributions. The short-distance coefficients of 3P(J)([8]) at next-to-leading order are found to be larger than leading order by more than an order of magnitude but with a minus sign at high transverse momentum p(T). Two new linear combinations of color-octet matrix elements are obtained from the CDF data, and used to predict J/ψ production at the LHC, which agrees with the CMS data. The possibility of (1)S(0)([8]) dominance and the J/ψ polarization puzzle are also discussed.