Income Diversification of Estate Sector in Sri Lanka

Dharmadasa, R.A.P.I.S.; Polkotuwa, P.W.T.P.

doi:10.4038/jbs.v3i2.3

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This ethnographic substudy was conducted using a four‐phase, mixed methods formative research design across six sites located in the rural, urban and estate (i.e., areas primarily growing marketable crops such as tea for export), sectors of Sri Lanka (Bernard, 2011; Creswell, 2008; Dharmadasa & Polkotuwa, 2016). Data were collected between September 2020 and September 2021 by a team of locally‐hired data collectors who had postgraduate educations and language proficiencies needed for fieldwork among both Tamil and Sinhalese‐speaking community members.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of observed feeding practices of infants and young children aged 6–23 months to national responsive feeding recommendations in Sri Lanka

Schwendler

Rowel²,

Abdulloeva³

et al. 2023

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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To describe the extent to which Sri Lankan caregivers follow current national responsive feeding recommendations and the factors limiting and enabling those behaviours. Study design. This ethnographic substudy was conducted using a four‐phase, mixed methods formative research design across rural, estate and urban sectors of Sri Lanka. Data collection methods. Data were collected using direct meal observations and semistructured interviews. Participants including infants and young children aged 6–23 months (n = 72), community leaders (n = 10), caregivers (n = 58) and community members (n = 37) were purposefully sampled to participate in this study. Data analysis. Observational data were summarized using descriptive statistics while textual data were analysed thematically using Dedoose. Findings were then interpreted vis‐à‐vis six national responsive feeding recommendations. During observed feeding episodes, caregivers were responsive to nearly all food requests (87.2% [34/39]) made by infants and young children. Many caregivers (61.1% [44/72]) also positively encouraged their infant and young child during feeding. Despite some responsive feeding practices being observed, 36.1% (22/61) of caregivers across sectors used forceful feeding practices if their infant or young child refused to eat. Interviews data indicated that force‐feeding practices were used because caregivers wanted their infants and young children to maintain adequate weight gain for fear of reprimand from Public Health Midwives. Despite overall high caregiver knowledge of national responsive feeding recommendations in Sri Lanka, direct observations revealed suboptimal responsive feeding practices, suggesting that other factors in the knowledge‐behaviour gap may need to be addressed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This ethnographic substudy was conducted using a four-phase, mixed methods formative research design across six sites located in the rural, urban and estate (i.e., areas primarily growing marketable crops such as tea for export), sectors of Sri Lanka (Bernard, 2011;Creswell, 2008;Dharmadasa & Polkotuwa, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of observed feeding practices of infants and young children aged 6–23 months to national responsive feeding recommendations in Sri Lanka

Schwendler

Rowel²,

Abdulloeva³

et al. 2023

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…Previous studies mainly focused on identifying the patterns and the determinants of income diversification of households in Sri Lanka, especially in agriculture-related households. Study by Dharmadasa and Polkotuwa (2016) found that gender and age of the household head, household size, ownership of agricultural land, number of workers above 15 y old and availability of migrants in a household have significantly contributed to the likelihood of having diversified income in the estate sector. Another study conducted by Hewavitharana and Dharmadasa (2016) focused on estate sector households in Badulla district.…”

Section: Income Diversification In Sri Lankamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are very limited studies on income diversification in Sri Lanka (Dharmadasa and Polkotuwa, 2016;Jayamanna et al, 2015;Hewavitharana and Dharmadasa, 2016). Previous studies mainly focused on identifying the patterns and the determinants of income diversification in Sri Lankan households.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income diversification and household welfare in Sri Lanka

Senevirathna,

Dharmadasa

2021

J. Agric. Val. Add.

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Income diversification is globally considered as an effective way to reduce income risk and also to enhance household welfare especially in developing countries. However, much attention has not been paid to study the welfare implications of income diversification in Sri Lanka. By taking data of a nationally representative sample of 21,756 households of Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016, this study attempted to examine the welfare implications of income diversification of households in Sri Lanka while identifying the determinants of income diversification. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, probit regression, and ordinary least square regression. Results suggest that income diversification significantly increased the welfare of Sri Lankan households. More than half of the households from the total population have diversified their income portfolio. Further, we explored that rural and estate households appeared to have a more diversified income portfolio relative to their urban counterparts, and households that depend on permanent employment income were less likely to diversify their income. Results depicted that the major determinants of household welfare and income diversification decision in Sri Lanka are human capital-related factors and regional differences. The study strongly recommends implementing programmes for entrepreneurial development, human capital development, and female empowerment which deserves special attention in the design of national poverty reduction strategies and enhancing the household welfare.

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“…However, there are large inequalities in access to and the utilization of services (mainly health, and education) between the estate sector and the rest of the country (Jayawardena, 2014). Less market access, poor infrastructure and low levels of education are few major barriers that directly influence the adaptation of migration strategy of the estate workers' from the estates to urban areas or to foreign countries to meet their basic needs such as food, shelter, healthcare, and fulfillment of children's needs (Dharmadasa and Polkotuwa, 2016). Household and individual wellbeing is also indirectly affected by migration and remittances sent by migrants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Migration and Remittances on Livelihood Security: Insights from the Estate Sector of Sri Lanka

Dharmadasa

2021

Sri Lankan J Agric Econ

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The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of migration on the livelihood security of the estate sector in Sri Lanka as none of the other reported studies covered livelihood security issues with respect to whole country. Data for the study come from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (2016) conducted by the Department of Census and Statistics of Sri Lanka. A composite index approach was applied to construct the livelihood security index which was formulated based on economic security, food security, education security, health security, and habitat security. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to illustrate the impact of migration and remittances on livelihood security and its outcomes, while addressing the self-selection problem. Average treatment effect (ATT) results showed significant differences in ATT effect of remittances on economic security, food security, and education security, and no significant difference in ATT of receiving remittances with health security and habitat security. Remittance receiving households consisted of high education security and health security than the non-remittance-receiving households with low economic security, food security, and habitat security. The study concludes that migration and remittances affect livelihood security of estate sector households positively.

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Income Diversification of Estate Sector in Sri Lanka

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

A comparison of observed feeding practices of infants and young children aged 6–23 months to national responsive feeding recommendations in Sri Lanka

A comparison of observed feeding practices of infants and young children aged 6–23 months to national responsive feeding recommendations in Sri Lanka

Income diversification and household welfare in Sri Lanka

Impact of Migration and Remittances on Livelihood Security: Insights from the Estate Sector of Sri Lanka

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