Income, egalitarianism and attitudes towards healthcare policy: a study on public attitudes in 29 countries

Azar, Ariel; Maldonado, Luís; Castillo, Juan Carlos; Atria, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2017.09.007

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Just as a population's average level, as well as its differential group-based patterning, of egalitarianism increases as its social ecology progresses towards equality on the parameters above, so does the formation of sociopolitical attitudes by egalitarianism: Stronger negative correlations between SDO and support for the poor, protection of minorities, support for women in leadership, and environmentalism, are observed in countries with less economic distress, greater democratic protections, greater gender empowerment, and better environmental standards, respectively [59,60]. This pattern mirrors the finding at the within-nation level that having more economic resources heightens egalitarianism's predictive power [34], in line with social dominance theory's claim that ideological coherence is stronger among high power groups [2]. The overall pattern suggests that as severe ecological constraints are lifted, people will draw more strongly on their underlying relational orientation in deciding attitudes towards the distribution of resources among groups in society.…”

Section: Egalitarianism Responds To Societal Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Importantly, key findings among adults at the intergroup level mirror those among infants and young children at the interpersonal level: general expectations that resources should be distributed equally correlate with being willing to help and share resources with others, specifically, low power societal groups [24]. For example, egalitarianism predicts willingness to pay taxes to fund government-provided universal healthcare across 29 nations [34]. Echoing default infant expectations and preferences for equality, average levels of SDO in representative population samples and meta-analytic estimates of the average SDO level across many nations indicate that the majority of adults prefer between-group equality over hierarchy (see [35][36][37]).…”

Section: Navigating Inequality Is Core To Social Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Egalitarianism: psychological and socio-ecological foundations

Sheehy‐Skeffington

Thomsen

2020

Current Opinion in Psychology

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Individual differences in social and political attitudes have their roots in evolved motives for basic kinds of social relationships. Egalitarianism is the preference for the application of the one of these relational modelsequality-over that of another-dominance-to the context of societal intergroup relations. We present recent research on the origins of egalitarianism in terms of universal social cognitive mechanisms (activated as early as infancy), systematic (partly heritable) individual differences, and the affordances and constraints of one's immediate and macro-structural context. Just as the psychological impact of socioeconomic conditions depends on the mind being equipped to perceive and navigate them, so the expression of the evolved underpinnings of inequality concerns depends critically on social and societal experiences. Highlights: • Societal politics and ideology are undergirded by basic relational strategies rooted in dilemmas of resource distribution. • Core representations and motives for equality and hierarchy emerge in infancy. • Individual differences in egalitarian strategies manifest in infancy, stabilize in adolescence, and are partly heritable. • The extent, consensuality, and predictive power of egalitarianism depend on societal context. • A multi-level approach is needed to account for both the biological and socio-ecological foundations of egalitarianism.

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Section: Egalitarianism Responds To Societal Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Navigating Inequality Is Core To Social Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Egalitarianism: psychological and socio-ecological foundations

Sheehy‐Skeffington

Thomsen

2020

Current Opinion in Psychology

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“…Jensen and Naumann (2016) nd different levels of support for public health care between demographic groups and between people leaning toward the political left or right in 17 European countries. Further research indicates that income affects willingness-to-pay for public health care in 29 countries included in the ISSP (International Social Survey Programme; Azar et al 2018) and that perceptions of inequities in health care impact preferences for government provision of health insurance in the USA (Lynch and Gollust 2010). Age also matters for the preferences towards health maximisation and for egalitarian concerns in health care in a Polish study (Kolasa and Lewandowski 2015).…”

Section: Redistribution In Health Carementioning

confidence: 98%

Private health insurance and redistribution preferences in the Austrian health care system: A case of mere self-interest?

Resch

2022

Preprint

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Background: Private health insurance (PHI) is a relevant financing source in many health care systems, including the Austrian one where more than a third of the population possess such an insurance. The effect of PHI on redistribution preferences in health care has been an understudied phenomenon. This article examines such a relationship. Further the mediating effect of fairness attitudes within said relationship is analysed.Methods: The data for this study come from the Austrian Corona Panel Project (ACPP). OLS regression models are employed to elicit the links between the variables.Results: In this article evidence for considerable self-interest in support for redistribution in health care with matching fairness attitudes is found. Additionally, social redistribution preferences for benefits and taxation, political party preferences and pandemic risk perception play a role. Conclusion: Health policy makers should carefully consider these relationships when adapting the public health care system to challenges, such as increased financing pressure or a pandemic. This could be done by incorporating vulnerable groups and public preferences at large in an open debate about the design of the health care system, its financing and its consequences for redistribution.

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“…Para evaluar esto, analizamos la valoración del igualitarismo en Chile (si se considera al bienestar como derecho social y si se apoyan políticas para esto, particularmente reducir diferencias de ingreso entre ricos y pobres) (Feldman & Steenbergen, 2001) . Si bien igualitarismo y demanda por redistribución no son exactamente lo mismo, en general están altamente correlacionados (Azar et al, 2018).…”

Section: Evolución De Las Preferencias Redistributivas Y Percepciones Sobre La Meritocraciaunclassified

Meritocracia y redistribución en Chile: Señales de la opinión pública

Maldonado¹,

Castillo²,

Iturra³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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La opinión pública y las preferencias redistributivas de los ciudadanos han ganado una renovada atención en el estudio de reformas institucionales. Ellas aparecen como un termométro social que indica la temperatura de la sociedad respecto de la temática de la desigualdad y la demanda ciudadana por bienestar (Soroka & Wlezien, 2009). Junto a ello, la opinión pública también juega el rol de un actor que puede tanto promover como bloquear cambios a las reglas del juego en una sociedad (Jensen & Naumann, 2016; Pierson, 1996 ). Junto a las preferencias redistributivas, otro ámbito de estudio relacionado con las actitudes hacia la desigualdad es el de la meritocracia. El concepto de meritocracia se utiliza para caracterizar contextos en los cuales los beneficios y recompensas se distribuyen de acuerdo a esfuerzo y talento individual (Young, 1961). Esta idea ha sido asociada a procesos de legitimación de desigualdad, ya que en sociedades modernas las diferencias de estatus encontrarían (al menos en parte) justificación en los méritos individuales (Hadjar, 2008). El objetivo del presente texto es documentar la evolución reciente de las preferencias redistributivas de la ciudadanía en Chile. Junto a ello, también presentamos evidencia sobre actitudes respecto de la meritocracia, en tanto principio legitimador de diferencias en las sociedades actuales. Para ello, analizamos datos agregados y encuestas de opinión pública que representan la información de mejor calidad existentes en el país en términos de representatividad de la población y comparación internacional. Los análisis que presentamos pretenden aportar elementos para la discusión sobre las demandas sociales en el Chile actual desde el punto de vista de la opinión pública. Además, discutimos algunas señales de la opinión pública que indican algunos caminos que podrían servir para satisfacer la demanda por redistribución en la ciudadanía.

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Income, egalitarianism and attitudes towards healthcare policy: a study on public attitudes in 29 countries

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Egalitarianism: psychological and socio-ecological foundations

Egalitarianism: psychological and socio-ecological foundations

Private health insurance and redistribution preferences in the Austrian health care system: A case of mere self-interest?

Meritocracia y redistribución en Chile: Señales de la opinión pública

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