Income Inequality and Homicide Rates: Cross‐national Data and Criminological Theories

Krahn, Harvey; Hartnagel, Timothy F.; Gartrell, John W.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1986.tb01496.x

Cited by 210 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The relationship between socioeconomic status and violence has been shown to exist in many high-income countries [79,80] and violence is more concentrated in areas of poverty and deprivation [54] and has been shown to increase along with income inequality and poverty [74,81]. In Cape Town the highest rates of homicide were recorded in the relatively impoverished sub-districts of Nyanga (132 per 100,000 population) and Khayelitsha (120 per 100,000 population) double the citywide average of 66 per 100,000 and three times the rate recorded in the city centre (42 per 100,000) [82].…”

Section: Structural Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying upstream interventions for interpersonal violence prevention: An uphill struggle in low- to middle-income contexts

et al. 2010

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a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords:Interpersonal violence prevention policy Risk factors Interventions Burden of disease Low-to middle-income contexts Western Cape South Africa a b s t r a c tIn South Africa's Western Cape province, interpersonal violence was identified among the key prevention priorities in the provincial government's Burden of Disease (BoD) Reduction project. To date, there are no adequate systematic reviews of the full range of potential intervention strategies. In response, available data and the literature on risk factors and prevention strategies for interpersonal violence were reviewed with a view to providing policy makers with an inventory of interventions for application. Given the predominance of upstream factors in driving the province's rates of interpersonal violence, efforts to address its burden require an intersectoral approach. Achievable short-term targets are also required to offset the long-term nature of the strategies most likely to affect fundamental shifts. Documentation and evaluation will be important to drive long-term investment, ensure effectiveness and enable replication of successful programmes and should be considered imperative by interpersonal violence prevention policymakers in other low-to middle-income contexts.

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Section: Structural Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying upstream interventions for interpersonal violence prevention: An uphill struggle in low- to middle-income contexts

et al. 2010

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“…Even after adjusting for poverty, income inequality accounted for 52 per cent of the between-state variance in homicide rates. An association between homicide and income inequality has also been found using international data (Messner 1983, Krahn et al 1986). In addition, Wilson and Daly (1997) reported a correlation of 0.88 between homicide and all other causes of death (excluding homicide) among 77 'community areas' in the Chicago region.…”

Section: Homicidementioning

confidence: 71%

Mortality, the Social Environment, Crime and Violence

Wilkinson

Kawachi

Kennedy³

1998

Sociology Health & Illness

191

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Starting out from the relationship between income equality and indicators of social cohesion and social trust, this paper explores the social processes which might account for the relationship between greater income equality and lower population mortality rates. We note that: homicide shows an even closer relationship to income inequality than does mortality from all other causes combined; there are several reports that homicide rates are particularly closely related to all cause mortality; and that there is a growing body of research on crime in relation to social disorganisation. We use US state level data to examine the relationships between various categories of income inequality, median state income, social trust and mortality. The data suggest that violent crime, but not property crime, is closely related to income inequality, social trust and mortality rates, excluding homicide. The second half of the paper is devoted to literature on the antecedents of violence. Feeling shamed, humiliated and disrespected seem to be central to the picture and are plausibly related to the way in which wider income differences are likely to mean more people are denied access to traditional sources of status and respect. We suggest that these aspects of low social status may be central to the psychosocial processes linking inequality, violence, social cohesion and mortality.

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“…Por un lado, la teoría de la desorganización social expone que diversos procesos económicos y sociales pueden transformar los espacios de convivencia y conducta, lo cual deshace controles cotidianos que reducen la posibilidad de que se cometan delitos. Entre esos procesos están la urbanización (Sampson & Groves, 1989), el crecimiento poblacional de personas jóvenes (Krahn, Hartnagel & Gartrell, 1986) y el desarrollo económico (Kposowa & Breault, 1993;Morenoff, Sampson & Raudenbush, 2001;Cotte Poveda, 2012). Para el caso de México, Ramírez de Garay (2014) no encontró evidencia de que el desarrollo económico tuviese efectos en la tasa de homicidios en México, lo cual contrasta con la evidencia que ha enfatizado que el crecimiento económico se ha relacionado con el descenso del homicidio en América Latina (Fajnzylber, Lederman & Loayza, 2002).…”

Section: Teorías Del Controlunclassified

Violencia en Tierra Caliente: desigualdad, desarrollo y escolaridad en la guerra contra el narcotráfico

Gil¹

2017

Estud. Sociol.

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El presente estudio profundiza, desde un caso regional, el efecto de variables sociales y económicas sobre el incremento de la violencia en México a partir de la intensificación de la política de prohibición de drogas de la administración de Felipe Calderón. Por medio de un análisis estadístico de la tasa de homicidios con arma de fuego para los 31 municipios de Tierra Caliente, en el periodo de 2006 a 2012, se encuentra que el desarrollo agroindustrial, la desigualdad en el ingreso y la escolaridad tienen efectos sobre la violencia en esa región del país. Así mismo, este caso indica que hay posibilidad de encontrar coincidencias entre la literatura de guerras civiles y la sociología del crimen basadas en la relevancia de la desigualdad para explicar estos fenómenos.

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Income Inequality and Homicide Rates: Cross‐national Data and Criminological Theories

Cited by 210 publications

References 39 publications

Applying upstream interventions for interpersonal violence prevention: An uphill struggle in low- to middle-income contexts

Applying upstream interventions for interpersonal violence prevention: An uphill struggle in low- to middle-income contexts

Mortality, the Social Environment, Crime and Violence

Violencia en Tierra Caliente: desigualdad, desarrollo y escolaridad en la guerra contra el narcotráfico

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