Income Inequality, Competitive Balance and the Attractiveness of Team Sports: Some Evidence and a Natural Experiment from English Soccer

Szymanski, Stefan

doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00599

Cited by 194 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Resources are allocated on the basis of performance at domestic and international levels. Football economics has been researched as a sub-discipline of professional team sports as argued in Szymanski (2001). The pioneering study of Sloane (1971) provided the first detailed insight of football teams as competitive firms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Prediction of the likely Winners of the Euro 2008 Football Tournament

Halıcıoğlu¹

2009

Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports

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The objective of this research is to provide a statistical measurement to predict the likely winners of international football tournaments with particular reference to the Euro 2008 football tournament. This research argues that there exists a positive relationship between the competitive balance and success in international football tournaments. The level of the competitive balance in a domestic football league is measured by the seasonal coefficients of variation (CV) of the end-of-season points. The CV values are employed as ranking indicators between the contesting countries in international football tournaments to predict the likely winners. The seasonal CV values are computed from the top divison football leagues of participating countries of Euro 1996, Euro 2000, Euro 2004, and Euro 2008 order to rank and to predict the likely winner of these tournaments. The results indicate that the higher the level of domestic competition the better chance of winning an international football tournament. The CV ranking is also compared to UEFA ranking and to the odds of some well known bookmakers in predicting the likely winners of the Euro 2008 football tournament. On the basis of the overall results, this research predicts that the likely winners of the Euro 2008 football tournament would be France, Spain or Germany.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Prediction of the likely Winners of the Euro 2008 Football Tournament

Halıcıoğlu¹

2009

Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports

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“…The authors found a positive relation between the variables in just 10 cases (from a total sample of 77), and this relationship existed mostly for small clubs (not for larger ones). Szymanski (2001) also showed that the increased degree of inequality in the revenues earned by small and large clubs did not change the level of competitiveness in the English clubs. The probability of winning or losing a game was not affected by economic recovery.…”

Section: Financial Variables and Sports Performancementioning

confidence: 92%

Financial Versus Sports Performance: The Missing Link

Ferri¹,

Macchioni²,

Maffei³

et al. 2017

IJBM

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This paper aims to investigate the relationship between the financial and the sports performance of Italian football teams. To achieve this aim, a panel data analysis was performed, using financial statements and data from sports results. The panel dataset covers seven seasons (from 2007-2008 to 2013-2014) and 29 clubs that belong to the Italian "Serie A." The results indicate positive effects between the expenses for football players' salaries and the clubs' sports performance but no significant effects between player transfer fees and sports performance.

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“…Szymanski (2001) claims that the utility of fans depends on the sporting success of their team. We may agree in general terms with this, but some nuances may be drawn.…”

Section: Quality Of Squad and Attendancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Model to Explain Support in Spanish Football

Barajas

Crolley

2005

SSRN Journal

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This paper analyses the factors which affect support and influence revenues in Spanish professional football clubs. It focuses on the relationships between attendance and different sets of variables: those that relate to the socioeconomic environment, the quality of product (results) and the quality of means of production (team squad). The main conclusions are, firstly, that the quality of the squad influences attendance through its performance on the pitch, secondly, that the level of attendance is explained by the population of the province in which the club is based, and by both the current and historical performances of the team, and thirdly, that the club's sporting revenues can be explained by their attendances. Given the importance of support, and in particular attendance, to the revenues of football clubs, the conceptual model developed in this article might contribute significantly to the estimation of cashflows in football clubs.

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Income Inequality, Competitive Balance and the Attractiveness of Team Sports: Some Evidence and a Natural Experiment from English Soccer

Cited by 194 publications

References 9 publications

Research on the Prediction of the likely Winners of the Euro 2008 Football Tournament

Research on the Prediction of the likely Winners of the Euro 2008 Football Tournament

Financial Versus Sports Performance: The Missing Link

A Model to Explain Support in Spanish Football

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