Income inequality, social cohesion, and crime against businesses: Evidence from a global sample of firms

Krammer, Sorin; Lashitew, Addisu A.; Doh, Jonathan P.

doi:10.1057/s41267-022-00535-5

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“… 9 Inequality weakens individual agency, creates resentment, erodes social capital and trust, and increases crime rates. 10 , 11 Inequality also contributes to political polarization, social unrest and erosion of community cohesion, as societies become divided over issues such as immigration, trade policies and wealth redistribution. 12 , 13 Evidence suggests a negative feedback wherein inequalities undermine growth through the erosion of productive potential over the life course and across generations.…”

Section: The Economy As a Root Causementioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of economic policies on social environments and mental health

Occhipinti,

Skinner,

Doraiswamy

et al. 2024

Bull World Health Organ

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Despite increased advocacy and investments in mental health systems globally, there has been limited progress in reducing mental disorder prevalence. In this paper, we argue that meaningful advancements in population mental health necessitate addressing the fundamental sources of shared distress. Using a systems perspective, economic structures and policies are identified as the potential cause of causes of mental ill-health. Neoliberal ideologies, prioritizing economic optimization and continuous growth, contribute to the promotion of individualism, job insecurity, increasing demands on workers, parental stress, social disconnection and a broad range of manifestations well-recognized to erode mental health. We emphasize the need for mental health researchers and advocates to increasingly engage with the economic policy discourse to draw attention to mental health and well-being implications. We call for a shift towards a well-being economy to better align commercial interests with collective well-being and social prosperity. The involvement of individuals with lived mental ill-health experiences, practitioners and researchers is needed to mobilize communities for change and influence economic policies to safeguard well-being. Additionally, we call for the establishment of national mental wealth observatories to inform coordinated health, social and economic policies and realize the transition to a more sustainable well-being economy that offers promise for progress on population mental health outcomes.

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Section: The Economy As a Root Causementioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of economic policies on social environments and mental health

Occhipinti,

Skinner,

Doraiswamy

et al. 2024

Bull World Health Organ

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“…Gender inequalities are deeply entrenched and intersect with other forms of inequality [3, 4]. Generally, equitable communities enjoy robust social cohesion, low crime rates, high levels of trust, life satisfaction, durable peace, political stability, and economic growth, in contrast to their inequitable counterparts [3, 5, 6, 7]. Conversely, high inequalities can undermine a nation’s capacity to prevent, respond, and adapt to emergencies, including infectious diseases [3, 7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missing the vulnerable – Inequalities in social protection among the general population, people living with HIV, and adolescent girls and young women in 13 sub-Saharan African countries: Analysis of population-based surveys

Chipanta,

Amo-Agyei,

Hertzog

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Inequality in access to services is a global problem mainly impacting the poorest populations. The role of social protection in reducing inequalities is recognized, but few studies have investigated whether social protection benefits people facing considerable socioeconomic inequalities. We assessed inequalities in receiving social protection among the public, men and women living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), and adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), using population-based data from 13 African countries. We constructed concentration curves and computed concentration indices (CIX) for each country and population group. We also conducted a desk review of social protection in the studied countries where information was available on the characteristics of social protection programs and their access by the general population, PLHIV, and AGYW. The sample size ranged from 10,197 in Eswatini to 29,577 in Tanzania. Women comprised 60% or more of PLHIV in the surveyed countries. 50%–70% of the respondents were unemployed, except in Cameroon, Kenya, and Uganda, where less than 50% were unemployed. Generally, the proportion of respondents from wealth quintile one (Q1), the poorest 20% of households, was like that from Q2–Q5. The proportion of the general population receiving social protection varied from 5.2% (95% Confidence Interval 4.5%–6.0%) in Ethiopia to 39.9% (37.0%–42.8%) in Eswatini. Among PLHIV, the proportion receiving social protection varied from 6.9% (5.7%–8.4%) among men living with HIV in Zambia to 45.0% (41.2–49.0) among women living with HIV in Namibia. Among AGYW, the proportion varied from 4.4% (3.6–5.3) in Ethiopia to 44.6% (40.8–48.5) in Eswatini. In general, 15% or less of the respondents from Q1 reported receiving social protection in eight countries (i.e., Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia), with 10% or less in three countries (Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, and Ethiopia); 15%–20% in Rwanda, 30% in Zimbabwe, 40% in Lesotho, and more than 50% in Eswatini and Namibia. Among the wealthiest quintiles (Q5), the proportion receiving social protection ranged from 3.6% (2.6%–5.0%) in Ethiopia to 19.7% (16.25–23.8%) in Namibia. Only in countries with higher social protection coverage did the proportion of the poorest wealth quintile households reached also high. Socioeconomic inequalities in receiving social protection favored the poor in 11 out of 13 countries and the rich in Cameroon and were undefined in Côte d'Ivoire. The CIX values for socioeconomic inequalities in receiving social protection in these 11 countries ranged from −0.080 (p=0.002) among the general population in Malawi to −0.372 (p< 0.001) among WLHIV in Zimbabwe. However, in 8 countries (Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia) of these 11 countries, 15% or less of the population from the poorest wealth quintile received social protection. In the countries surveyed, access to social protection for the general population, MLHIV and WLHIV, and AGYW was generally low but favored people from poor households. However, pro-poor social protection, although necessary, is not sufficient to ensure that people from the poorest households receive social protection. Further research is required to identify and reach people from the poorest households with social protection in sub-Saharan Africa.

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“…Gender inequalities are deeply entrenched and intersect with other forms of inequality [ 3 , 4 ]. Generally, equitable communities enjoy robust social cohesion, low crime rates, high levels of trust, life satisfaction, durable peace, political stability, and economic growth, in contrast to their inequitable counterparts [ 3 , 5 ─ 7 ]. Conversely, high inequalities can undermine a nation’s capacity to prevent, respond, and adapt to emergencies, including infectious diseases [ 3 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missing the vulnerable—Inequalities in social protection in 13 sub-Saharan African countries: Analysis of population-based surveys

Chipanta,

Amo-Agyei,

Hertzog

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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We assessed socioeconomic inequalities in social protection coverage among the public, men and women living with the human immunodeficiency virus (MLHIV, WLHIV), and adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). We used population-based data from Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Eswatini, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. We constructed concentration curves (CC) and computed concentration indices (CIX) for each country and population group. A CC represents the cumulative percentage of social protection coverage plotted on the y-axis against the cumulative proportion of the population—ranked by socioeconomic status from the poorest to the richest—on the x-axis. The CIX quantifies the concentration of social protection coverage among the poor or the rich. The sample size ranged from 10,197 in Eswatini to 29,577 in Tanzania. Social protection coverage among the public varied from 5.2% (95% Confidence Interval 4.5%–6.0%) in Ethiopia to 39.9% (37.0%–42.8%) in Eswatini. It ranged from 6.9% (5.7%–8.4%) MLHIV in Zambia to 45.0% (41.2–49.0) among WLHIV in Namibia. Among AGYW, it varied from 4.4% (3.6–5.3) in Ethiopia to 44.6% (40.8–48.5) in Eswatini. Socioeconomic inequalities in social protection coverage favored the poor in 11/13 countries surveyed. It favored the rich in Cameroon and was undefined in Côte d’Ivoire. The CIX in these 11 countries ranged from −0.080 (p = 0.002) among the public in Malawi to −0.372 (p< 0.001) among WLHIV in Zimbabwe. In 8 of these 11 countries, ≥15% of people from the poorest households reported receiving social protection. Only in countries with higher levels of social protection coverage did most people from the poorest households achieve high coverage. Social protection coverage was low and favored the poor. Pro-poor social protection is insufficient to reach the poor. Research is required to reach the poorest households with social protection in Africa.

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Income inequality, social cohesion, and crime against businesses: Evidence from a global sample of firms

Cited by 10 publications

References 95 publications

The influence of economic policies on social environments and mental health

The influence of economic policies on social environments and mental health

Missing the vulnerable – Inequalities in social protection among the general population, people living with HIV, and adolescent girls and young women in 13 sub-Saharan African countries: Analysis of population-based surveys

Missing the vulnerable—Inequalities in social protection in 13 sub-Saharan African countries: Analysis of population-based surveys

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