Income Shocks and Adolescent Mental Health

Baird, Sarah; Hoop, Jacobus de; Özler, Berk

doi:10.3368/jhr.48.2.370

Cited by 119 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…A rigorous evidence base has shown that cash transfers can have significant effects on household consumption and educational attainment, even if the poor receive these transfers with few strings attached (Baird et al 2013;Fiszbein, Schady and Ferreira 2009 ;Haushofer and Shapiro 2016;Saavedra and Garcia 2013). However, with some recent exceptions discussed below, most of the evidence relies on short-term followups, which leaves open the question of whether such programs can improve the wellbeing of their beneficiaries well after the cessation of support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When the Money Runs Out: Do Cash Transfers Have Sustained Effects on Human Capital Accumulation?

Baird¹,

McIntosh²,

Özler³

2016

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We examine the medium-term effects of a two-year cash transfer program targeted to adolescent girls and young women. Significant declines in HIV prevalence, teen pregnancy, and early marriage among recipients of unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) during the program evaporated quickly two years after the cessation of transfers. However, children born to UCT beneficiaries during the program had significantly higher height-for-age z-scores at follow-up.On the other hand, conditional cash transfers (CCTs) offered to out-of-school females at baseline produced a large increase in educational attainment and a sustained reduction in the total number of births, but caused no gains in health, labor market outcomes, or empowerment. Our findings point to both the promise and the limitations of cash transfer programs for sustained gains in welfare among young women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When the Money Runs Out: Do Cash Transfers Have Sustained Effects on Human Capital Accumulation?

Baird¹,

McIntosh²,

Özler³

2016

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“…They found that a CT, both conditional and unconditional, of, on average, US$10 per household per month (US$40 every four months) had various impacts on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) together with pregnancies and sexual relations of girls with men older than age 25 years. They further documented that CTs improved the mental health of the girls, unless the cash was given conditionally to the parents (Baird, de Hoop, and Özler 2013). However, an evaluation of the medium-term impacts of this intervention, two years after it stopped, indicated that most of the impacts were no longer present (Baird and others 2015).…”

Section: Sexual and Reproductive Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cash Transfers and Child and Adolescent Development

Walque¹,

Fernald²,

Gertler³

et al. 2017

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 8): Child and Adolescent Health and Development

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“…Biomarker data collection during round 4 included HIV and hemoglobin for the core respondents, HIV for husbands, and anthropometrics for children under the age of 5. Details for the various data collection instruments for rounds 1-3 can be found in Özler (2011), Baird et al (2012), and Baird, de Hoop, and Özler (2013), while the details for round 4 instruments are described later.…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent systematic review of cash transfer programs by indicates that both conditional and unconditional cash transfer programs improve school enrollment and attendance, with little effect on test scores -generally confirming findings from earlier reviews of conditional cash transfer programs (Fiszbein and Schady 2009;Saavedra and Garcia 2012). Short-term evidence from the cash transfer experiment under examination in this paper shows that cash transfers can also significantly delay marriage and pregnancy among school-aged girls (Baird, McIntosh, and Özler 2011;Baird et al 2015); reduce the prevalence of HIV and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) ; and improve psychological well-being (Baird, de Hoop, and Özler 2013). The evaluation of a schoolbased intervention in Kenya testing the effects of education subsidies and HIV education separately and jointly found significant reductions in school dropout, pregnancy, and marriage among girls in the stand-alone education subsidy arm, and a modest reduction in HSV-2 in the joint program arm (Duflo, Dupas, and Kremer 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Onset of sexual activity at an early age with older male partners exposes young women to sexually transmitted diseases, with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among females aged 15-24 at 22.7 percent in Swaziland in 2007, 13.6 in South Africa in 2009, and 5.2 in Malawi in 2010. Along with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and abortion, depression makes up the leading contribution to disability-adjusted life years in SSA, with one recent study in Malawi showing that more than a third of school-aged girls suffer from psychological distress (Patel et al 2007;Baird, de Hoop, and Özler 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What happens once the intervention ends? The medium-term impacts of a cash transfer experiment in Malawi

Baird

Chirwa²,

McIntosh³

et al. 2015

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The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding and producing high-quality evidence of what works, how, why and at what cost. We believe that better and policy-relevant evidence will make development more effective and improve people's lives. 3ie Impact Evaluations3ie-supported impact evaluations assess the difference a development intervention has made to social and economic outcomes. 3ie is committed to funding rigorous evaluations that include a theory-based design, use the most appropriate mix of methods to capture outcomes and are useful in complex development contexts. About this report3ie accepted the final version of this report, What happens once the intervention ends? The medium-term impacts of a cash transfer programme in Malawi, as partial fulfilment of requirements under grant OW2.147 issued under Open Window 2. The content has been copyedited and formatted for publication by 3ie. Due to unavoidable constraints at the time of publication, a few of the tables or figures may be less than optimal. All of the content is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not represent the opinions of 3ie, its donors or its Board of Commissioners. Any errors and omissions are also the sole responsibility of the authors. All affiliations of the authors listed in the title page are those that were in effect at the time the report was accepted. Any comments or queries should be directed to the corresponding author, Sarah Baird at sbaird@email.gwu.edu Funding for this impact evaluation was provided by 3ie's donors, which include UKaid, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Hewlett Foundation and 12 other 3ie members that provide institutional support. A complete listing is provided on the 3ie website at http://www.3ieimpact.org/en/about/3ie-affiliates/3ie-members/ [2008][2009], and involved giving cash transfers, both conditional on schooling and unconditionally, to initially never-married 13-to-22-year-old young women. The Schooling, Income and Health Risk (SIHR) study was designed to evaluate the impacts of the cash transfer program on a variety of outcomes ranging from education to health to sexual behavior. The SIHR study is a randomized control trial where young women were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, unconditional cash transfer (UCT), and conditional cash transfer (CCT) The strong and significant short-term impacts of the ZCTP (using data collected in 2008 and 2010) have been documented elsewhere. This report focuses on impacts two years after the program ended, in 2012-2013, to try and understand whether this relatively short (two-year) intervention of cash transfers -introduced at a particularly important period of transition from adolescence to adulthood -can have lasting effects on this cohort of young females and their future families. The analysis focuses on four key domains for the recipients of the cash transfer program: education; ...

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Income Shocks and Adolescent Mental Health

Cited by 119 publications

References 65 publications

When the Money Runs Out: Do Cash Transfers Have Sustained Effects on Human Capital Accumulation?

When the Money Runs Out: Do Cash Transfers Have Sustained Effects on Human Capital Accumulation?

Cash Transfers and Child and Adolescent Development

What happens once the intervention ends? The medium-term impacts of a cash transfer experiment in Malawi

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