Incompatibilidad interespecífica de especies de Trichoderma contra Meloidogyne incognita en Solanum lycopersicum

Abstract

ResumenAntecedentes: El control biológico de fitopatógenos se mejora al incorporar cepas nativas de agentes biocontroladores; es el caso de Trichoderma spp. El efecto de control es mayor cuando se aplican consorcios y muestran interacciones incompatibles entre sí para incrementar condiciones de antagonismo. Objetivos: El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar y evaluar in vitro la relación interespecífica de especies nativas de Trichoderma spp., así como la efectividad antagónica de especies incompatibles contra Meloidogyne incognita. Métodos: Se realizaron 45 enfrentamientos duales in vitro, las cuatro con mayor incompatibilidad fueron: T. virens (Th27-08) /T. harzianum (Th33-59), T. citrinoviride (Th33-58) /T. harzianum (Th33-59), T. virens (Th43-13) /T. ghanense (Th26-52) y T. simmonsii (Th09-06) /T. harzianum (Th33-59). Estos se evaluaron contra M. incognita en Solanum lycopersicum, en condiciones de invernadero. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados mostraron interacciones incompatibles con diferencias significativas (P≤0.01) contra el nematodo. En éstas, en relación al testigo sin inoculantes fúngicos se estimaron reducciones del 50.8-83.0% en la severidad del daño radical, 25.7-80.3% en el número de huevos y 31.5-94.1% en el número de hembras. El mejor efecto fue observado en el enfrentamiento de T. citrinoviride (Th33-58) /T. harzianum (Th33-59) al ser comparado con el testigo Oxamil 24%.Palabras clave: aislados nativos, antagonismo, competencia por espacio, nematodo fitopatógeno Trichoderma citrinoviride AbstRAct Background: The biological control of phytopathogens is improved by incorporating native strains of biocontrol agents; this is the case of Trichoderma spp. The control effect is higher when are applied groups of organisms and show incompatible interactions with increase antagonism. Objective: The objective of the present study was to identify and evaluate in vitro the interspecific relation of native Trichoderma spp., and the antagonistic effect of incompatible species against Meloidogyne incognita. Methods: The isolates of Trichoderma spp. were evaluated among them in dual culture, 45 dual cultures were performed, the four with greater incompatibility: T. virens (Th27-08) /T. harzianum (Th33-59), T. citrinoviride (Th33-58) /T. harzianum (Th33-59), T. virens (Th43-13) /T. ghanense (Th26-52) y T. simmonsii (Th09-06) /T. harzianum (Th33-59) and were evaluated against M. incognita in Solanum lycopersicum, in greenhouse. Results and conclusions:The results showed interactions incompatible with significant differences (P≤0.01) against the nematode in relation to the control without fungal inoculants, reductions of 50.8-83.0% in the severity of the radical damage were estimated, 25.7-

Trichoderma erinaceum AND Trichoderma virens IN THE CONTROL OF Meloidogyne incognita IN Solanum lycopersicum

“…The strains T. erinaceum 10-15 and T. virens 32-09, previously identified (Martinez-Canto et al, 2021;Moo-Koh et al, 2018), were seeded on potato dextrose agar medium PDA (BD BIOXON, Mexico) (4 g potato infusion, 20 g dextrose, and 15 g agar per L, pH 5.6) for 8 days (d). Then, 5 mm diameter mycelial discs were extracted and deposited in 250 mL Bosch bottles (PYREX®, Czech Republic) with the potato-dextrose broth culture medium CPD (SIGMA-ALDRICH, Saint Louis, MO, USA) (300 g potato and 20 g dextrose per L, pH 6.8).…”

“…Hatched juveniles were counted at 7, 14, and 21 days after hatching (dah) to fungal filtrates. Sterile distilled water was used as a negative control and the commercial product Oxamyl 24 % at a concentration of 1 mL L -1 was used as a positive control (Moo-Koh et al, 2018), the percentage of hatching inhibition was calculated according to the formula of Abbott (1925).…”

“…Two more applications of the same concentration (10 6 conidia mL -1 ) of Trichoderma were made at 15 and 30 days after transplanting (dat). Each treatment included 10 replicates, homogeneously distributed in a completely randomized design under protected conditions (Moo-Koh et al, 2018).…”

“…(Herrera-Parra et al, 2018). Moo-Koh et al (2018) evaluated incompatible combinations of T. citrinoviride 33-58 and T. harzianum 33-59 that, when interacted, showed promising results in reducing M. incognita, in addition to improving the growth of S. lycopersicum. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antagonistic effect of two native species, T. erinaceum 10-15 and T. virens 32-09 against M. incognita, under controlled conditions on S. lycopersicum L. plants.…”

In Vitro Assessment of Organic and Residual Fractions of Nematicidal Culture Filtrates from Thirteen Tropical Trichoderma Strains and Metabolic Profiles of Most-Active

“…strains, obtained from cultivated and non-cultivated soil in Yucatán state in Mexico [25,26] and supplied by the Phytopathology Laboratory of Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Conkal (Table 1), belonged to six Trichoderma species: T. citrinoviride (Th33-58), T. ghanense (Th02-04, Th26-52), T. harzianum (Th02-01, Th20-07, Th43-14 and Th33-59), T. koningiopsis Th41-11, T. simmonsii Th09-06; and T. virens (Th05-02, Th27-08, Th32-09, and Th43-13). The 5.8S-ITS regions of each strain were sequenced previously and are available in the GenBank database [27,28]. The fungal strains were reactivated in Petri dishes with potato dextrose agar (PDA, Dibico, Edo.…”