Incompatibility in Angiosperms

Nettancourt, D. de

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-12051-4

Cited by 1,046 publications

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“…A ausência de espécies comprovadamente com autoincompatibilidade homomórfica esporofítica nas principais famílias portadoras de autoincompatibilidade heteromórfica (tipicamente sob controle esporofítico) é um dos principais argumentos contrários à hipótese da evolução desta última a partir da primeira (Ganders 1979, Gibbs 1986). Por outro lado, ocorrência de auto-incompatibilidade heteromórfica e auto-incompatibilidade gametofítica em uma mesma família é comum (de Nettancourt 1977).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Ocorrência de auto-incompatibilidade homomórfica em Mitracarpus longicalyx E. B. Souza & M. F. Sales (Rubiaceae - Spermacoceae)

2007

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-(Occurrence of homomorphic self-incompatibility in Mitracarpus longicalyx E. B. Souza & M. F. Sales (Rubiaceae -Spermacoceae)). The breeding system of Mitracarpus longicalyx was studied from September to December 2004 at Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil. This species is an annual herb found in the "caatinga" of northeastern Brazil, flowering between June and December. The inflorescences are glomerules with ca. 90 flowers. Each flower has a white 4-5 mm long hypocrateriform corolla. The flowers are protandrous with a three days long staminate phase followed by a five days long pistilate phase. No overlapping between phases was observed within a flower, but flowers in different phases appear in the same inflorescence. M. longycalyx is psycophilous species, pollinated by Hemiargus hanno hanno (Stoll, 1790) (Lycaenidae). Hand-pollination tests indicated that M. longicalyx is a self-incompatible, non-agamospermous species, with high fruit set under natural conditions (97.8%) in the studied population; fruit set was also high (82.3%) with hand cross-pollinations but geitonogamous hand pollination gave zero fruit set. Out-crossed pollen tubes reached the ovary within 24h after pollination, while selfed pollen grains failed to germinate or selfed pollen tubes failed to penetrate the stigmatic papillae. The results indicate that M. longicalyx has homomorphic self-incompatibility, possibly of the sporophytic type, in addition to protandry. Homomorphic self-incompatibility is very rare in the Rubiaceae, a family with abundant occurrence of heteromorphic self-incompatibility.Key words -breeding system, Mitracarpus, protandry, Rubiaceae, self-incompatibility RESUMO -(Ocorrência de auto-incompatibilidade homomórfica em Mitracarpus longicalyx E. B. Souza & M. F. Sales (Rubiaceae -Spermacoceae)). O estudo da biologia reprodutiva de Mitracarpus longicalyx E.B. Souza & M.F. Sales foi realizado durante os meses de setembro a dezembro de 2004, em Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil. Esta espécie é uma erva anual ocorrente em áreas de caatinga, florescendo de junho a dezembro. As inflorescências são glomérulos com 90 flores em média, que apresentam corola hipocrateriforme, medindo 4-5 mm de comprimento e coloração branca, sendo visitadas e polinizadas por borboletas da espécie Hemiargus hanno hanno (Stoll, 1790) (Lycaenidae). As flores são protândricas, com duração da fase estaminada de três dias e da fase pistilada de cinco dias. Não ocorre sobreposição das duas fases na mesma flor, mas podem ocorrer flores em diferentes fases na mesma inflorescência. Polinizações experimentais indicaram que M. longicalyx é uma espécie autoincompatível não agamospérmica, com produção natural de frutos elevada (97,8%) na população estudada. A frutificação também foi elevada nas polinizações cruzadas manuais (82,3%), não ocorrendo frutificação nas polinizações manuais geitonogâmicas. Tubos polínicos provenientes de polinizações cruzadas alcançaram o ovário dentro de 24 horas, enquanto que grãos de pólen provenientes de autopolinização não germinaram o...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Ocorrência de auto-incompatibilidade homomórfica em Mitracarpus longicalyx E. B. Souza & M. F. Sales (Rubiaceae - Spermacoceae)

2007

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“…The genus Theobroma represents an atypical example of an ovarian auto-incompatibility system, quite different from most vegetal incompatibility systems in nature (de Nettancourt, 1977). Incompatibility in cacao was first reported by Pound (1932), who verified the occurrence of changes from self-incompatibility to self-compatibility during certain periods of the year.…”

Section: Role Of Endogenous Factors On Cacao Floweringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecophysiology of the cacao tree

Almeida

Valle

2007

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

232

137

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Cacao, one of the world's most important perennial crops, is almost exclusively explored for chocolate manufacturing. Most cacao varieties belong to three groups: Criollo, Forastero and Trinitario that vary according to morphology, genetic and geographical origins. It is cropped under the shade of forest trees or as a monocrop without shade. Seedlings initially show an orthotropic growth with leaf emission relatively independent of climate. The maturity phase begins with the emission of plagiotropic branches that form the tree crown. At this stage environmental factors exert a large influence on plant development. Growth and development of cacao are highly dependent on temperature, which mainly affects vegetative growth, flowering and fruit development. Soil flooding decreases leaf area, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rates in addition to inducing formation of lenticels and adventitious roots. For most genotypes drought resistance is associated with osmotic adjustment. Cacao produces caulescent flowers, which begin dehiscing in late afternoon and are completely open at the beginning of the following morning releasing pollen to a receptive stigma. Non pollinated flowers abscise 24-36 h after anthesis. The percentage of flowers setting pods is in the range 0.5 -5%. The most important parameters determinants of yield are related to: (i) light interception, photosynthesis and capacity of photoassimilate distribution, (ii) maintenance respiration and (iii) pod morphology and seed fermentation, events that can be modified by abiotic factors. Cacao is a shade tolerant species, in which appropriate shading leads to relatively high photosynthetic rates, growth and seed yield. However, heavy shade reduces seed yield and increases incidence of diseases; in fact, cacao yields and light interception are tightly related when nutrient availability is not limiting. High production of non-shaded cacao requires high inputs in protection and nutrition of the crop. Annual radiation and rainfall during the dry season explains 70% of the variations in annual seed yields. Key words: root growth, flowering, pod set, flushing, mineral nutrition Ecofisiologia do cacaueiro: O cacau, um dos mais importantes cultivos perenes no mundo, é quase exclusivamente explorado para a fabricação de chocolate. A maioria das variedades de cacau pertence a três grupos: Criollo, Forasteiro e Trinitário, que variam de acordo com a morfologia, genética e origem geográfica. É cultivado sob sombra de árvores de floresta ou como monocultivo sem sombra. As plântulas inicialmente mostram um crescimento ortotrópico com emissão de folhas relativamente independente do clima. A fase de maturidade inicia-se com a emissão de ramos plagiotrópicos que formam a copa. Nesse estádio, fatores ambientes exercem grande influência no desenvolvimento da planta. O crescimento e o desenvolvimento do cacaueiro são dependentes da temperatura, que afeta principalmente o crescimento vegetativo, florescimento e desenvolvimento do fruto. O alagamento do solo diminui a área fol...

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“…Although neopolyploidy seems to be effectively associated with the breakdown of self-incompatibility systems, especially the gametophytic system (de Nettancourt 1977;Richards 1986;Levin 2002;Pannell et al 2004;Barringer 2007), some studies suggest that the self-fertility found in these pseudogamic apomictic sporophytic species is not determined exclusively by neopolyploidy (Oliveira et al 1992;Bittencourt & Semir 2005;Bittencourt & Moraes 2010;Sampaio et al 2013a). The LSI found in most species of Bignoniaceae allows pollen tube growth, ovule penetration, fertilization and endosperm development prior to self-pollinated pistil abscission (Bittencourt et al 2003;Bittencourt & Semir 2005;Gandolphi & Bittencourt 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-sterility in the hexaploid Handroanthus serratifolius (Bignoniaceae), the national flower of Brazil

et al. 2013

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Polyploidization is common among angiosperms and might induce typically allogamous plants to become autogamous (self-compatible, relying on sexual self-fertilization) or apomictic (achieving asexual reproduction through seeds). This work aimed to determine whether neopolyploidy leads to the breakdown of the self-incompatibility system in the hexaploid non-apomictic species Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S. Grose, through analyses of its floral biology, pollination biology and breeding system. Although anthesis lasted for three days, increasing the overall floral display, receptivity decreased as of the second day. Centridini and Euglossini bees were the main pollinators, and low nectar availability (1.95 ± 1.91 μl/flower) might have obliged them to visit multiple flowers. We observed low reproductive efficacy. That might be explained by self-sterility and by the great number of flowers per individual, which could increase the frequency of geitonogamy. Ovule penetration by the pollen tubes in self-pollinated pistils with posterior abscission indicated late-acting self-incompatibility in H. serratifolius, as observed in other diploid Bignoniaceae species, although inbreeding depression cannot be excluded. The self-sterility found in the monoembryonic, hexaploid individuals studied here contrasts with the results for other neopolyploid Handroanthus and Anemopaegma species, which are often autogamous and apomictic. Our results suggest that neopolyploidy is not the main factor leading to self-fertility in Handroanthus.Key words: apomixis, late-acting self-incompatibility, monoembryony, polyploidy, Tabebuia serratifolia Acta Botanica Brasilica 27(4): 714-722. 2013. Self-sterility in the hexaploid Handroanthus serratifolius(Bignoniaceae), the national flower of Brazil

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Incompatibility in Angiosperms

Cited by 1,046 publications

References 0 publications

Ocorrência de auto-incompatibilidade homomórfica em Mitracarpus longicalyx E. B. Souza & M. F. Sales (Rubiaceae - Spermacoceae)

Ocorrência de auto-incompatibilidade homomórfica em Mitracarpus longicalyx E. B. Souza & M. F. Sales (Rubiaceae - Spermacoceae)

Ecophysiology of the cacao tree

Self-sterility in the hexaploid Handroanthus serratifolius (Bignoniaceae), the national flower of Brazil

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