Recent workers on Parthenium argentatum (Gerstel, 1950) and Crepis frtida (Hughes and Babcock, 1950) have described a novel type of incompatibility. To explain the results, one incompatibility gene is postulated with multiple alleles which act individually in the style as in Xicotiana, but the behaviour of the pollen is determined by the sporophyte and the alleles exhibit dominance, both features associated with the heteromorphic outbreeeding types. Thus, for the first time a system has been described in two species of the Composit which combines genetic features typical of both the heteromorphic and homomorphic types of incompatibility. Regular features of this new system are reciprocal differences in compatibility, incompatibility between some F1 plants and one or both parents, and plants which are homozygous for one allele. There are two examples of this new breeding system in the Composite and it is therefore of interest to find out whether it is typical of the family as a whole. A report on incompatibility in Cosmos bipinnatus (Little, Kantor and Robinson, 1940) concluded that the mating system was similar in all respects to that of ,Nicotiana. The experiments, however, were not designed to show reciprocal differences in compatibility, or incompatibility between progeny and parents and these must be considered if the Composite type of system is to be distinguished from any other. This paper describes a reinvestigation of the mating behaviour of C. bipinnatus. * C. bipinnatus is always classified as a "short day" plant. It is probable that, in captivity, selection has favoured plants with less rigid light requirements. Many horticultural varieties are now indifferent to day length in respect of flowering time. Recently a family of Cosmos segregated into plants which flowered in "long day" conditions and others which did not. The genetics of this difference is being investigated.