Incomplete aerobic degradation of the antidiabetic drug Metformin and identification of the bacterial dead-end transformation product Guanylurea

Trautwein, Christoph; Kümmerer, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.057

Cited by 153 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Metformin was detected at sites up to 3.2 km away from the shore, which was unanticipated given the volume of such a large lake system and the predominant southern current in this portion of Lake Michigan. Although metformin is less frequently measured than other compounds in PPCP studies, we have found, along with others, that metformin is prevalent in WWTP influent at concentrations as high as 129 000 ng L À1 but the removal efficiency ranges from 41% to over 98% (Scheurer et al, 2009(Scheurer et al, , 2012Trautwein and Kümmerer, 2011;Blair et al, 2013;Oosterhuis et al, 2013). The median value for metformin in Lake Michigan was greater than 100 ng L À1 , comparable to stream and small lake studies where metformin has been observed in 4.8% of samples with estimated levels of 110 ng L À1 in the U.S. (Kolpin et al, 2002) and was detected at all of the sites assessed at concentration up to 2000 ng L À1 in German rivers (Scheurer et al, 2009(Scheurer et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Surface Water Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern

et al. 2013

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The monitoring of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has focused on the distribution in rivers and small lakes, but data regarding their occurrence and effects in large lake systems, such as the Great Lakes, are sparse. Wastewater treatment processes have not been optimized to remove influent PPCPs and are a major source of PPCPs in the environment. Furthermore, PPCPs are not currently regulated in wastewater effluent. In this experiment we evaluated the concentration, and corresponding risk, of PPCPs from a wastewater effluent source at varying distances in Lake Michigan. Fifty-four PPCPs and hormones were assessed on six different dates over a two-year period from surface water and sediment samples up to 3.2 km from a wastewater treatment plant and at two sites within a harbor. Thirty-two PPCPs were detected in Lake Michigan and 30 were detected in the sediment, with numerous PPCPs being detected up to 3.2 km away from the shoreline. The most frequently detected PPCPs in Lake Michigan were metformin, caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, and triclosan. To determine the ecological risk, the maximum measured environmental concentrations were compared to the predicted no-effect concentration and 14 PPCPs were found to be of medium or high ecological risk. The environmental risk of PPCPs in large lake systems, such as the Great Lakes, has been questioned due to high dilution; however, the concentrations found in this study, and their corresponding risk quotient, indicate a significant threat by PPCPs to the health of the Great Lakes, particularly near shore organisms.

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Section: Surface Water Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern

et al. 2013

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“…Because of the increasing occurrence of diabetes in the ageing population, it is not surprising that a compound as stable as MET will become detectable in the environment. Several studies showed that the concentration of MET in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents and effluents increases steadily and ranges from 20 to 129 lg L À1 and 2.2 to 21 lg L À1 , respectively (Scheurer et al, 2009;van Nuijs et al, 2010;Trautwein and Kümmerer, 2011). Some papers reported MET in surface water in the range of 60-3100 ng L À1 (Vulliet and Cren-Olivé, 2011;Scheurer et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Short term uptake and transport process for metformin in roots of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia

et al. 2015

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“…Guanylurea was recently reported to be a bacterial breakdown product of MET in sewage (Trautwein and Kummerer 2011). Using the modified mobile phase we found a microsomal D r a f t product peak we had fractionally collected from the HPLC column eluent to precisely co-elute with guanylurea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pharmacokinetics of metformin in the rat: assessment of the effect of hyperlipidemia and evidence for its metabolism to guanylurea

Gabr

El-Sherbeni

Ben‐Eltriki

et al. 2017

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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Metformin pharmacokinetics are highly dependent upon organic cationic transporters. There is evidence of a change in its renal clearance in hyperlipidemic obese patients, and no information on its metabolic fate. To study some of these aspects, the influence of poloxamer 407 (P407)-induced hyperlipidemia on metformin pharmacokinetics was assessed. Control and P407 treated adult male rats were administered 30 mg/kg metformin intravenously (iv). The pharmacokinetic assessments were performed at 2 time points, 36 and 108 h, following the intraperitoneal dose of P407 (1 g/kg). mRNA and protein expressions of cationic drug transporters were also measured.There was no evidence of a change in metformin pharmacokinetics after iv doses as a consequence of short term hyperlipidemia, and a change in transporter mRNA but not protein expression in the 108 h post-P407 treated rats. Urinary recovery of unchanged drug was high (> 90%) but incomplete. Presumed metabolite peaks were detected in chromatograms of hepatocytes and microsomal protein spiked with metformin. Comparative chromatographic elution times and mass spectra suggested that one of the predominant metabolites was guanylurea. Hyperlipidemia by itself did not affect the pharmacokinetics of metformin.Guanylurea is a putative metabolite of metformin in rats.

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Incomplete aerobic degradation of the antidiabetic drug Metformin and identification of the bacterial dead-end transformation product Guanylurea

Cited by 153 publications

References 31 publications

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern

Short term uptake and transport process for metformin in roots of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia

Pharmacokinetics of metformin in the rat: assessment of the effect of hyperlipidemia and evidence for its metabolism to guanylurea

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