Incomplete Combustion of Hydrogen: Trapping a Reaction Intermediate

Mattson, Bruce; Hoette, Trisha M.; Applebee, Michelle S.

doi:10.1021/ed084p1668

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The reaction of sodium bicarbonate with acetic acid NaHCO 3 ( s ) + CH 3 COOH ( aq ) → CH 3 COONa ( aq ) + normalH 2 normalO ( l ) + CO 2 ( g ) has been presented in numerous publications − as a teaching tool because students enjoy reactions that produce gases. Various methods of collecting and measuring the volumes of gaseous products have been reported for use in teaching laboratory experiments. − Use of a sealable plastic bag for collection of the gaseous carbon dioxide product of reaction from common cooking substances makes this reaction one that can be used in the laboratory, as a take-home assignment, and even as a home-school laboratory.…”

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confidence: 99%

Filling a Plastic Bag with Carbon Dioxide: A Student-Designed Guided-Inquiry Lab for Advanced Placement and College Chemistry Courses

Lanni

2014

J. Chem. Educ.

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A guided-inquiry lab, suitable for first-year general chemistry or high school advanced placement chemistry, is presented that uses only inexpensive, store-bought materials. The reaction of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) with aqueous acetic acid (vinegar), under the constraint of the challenge to completely fill a sealable plastic bag with the gaseous carbon dioxide product, is presented to students of chemistry. Students must marshal their knowledge of non-STP gas stoichiometry, including the often misunderstood concept of limiting and excess reagents, to successfully complete the task. This contribution is part of a special issue on teaching introductory chemistry in the context of the advanced placement (AP) chemistry course redesign.

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confidence: 99%

Filling a Plastic Bag with Carbon Dioxide: A Student-Designed Guided-Inquiry Lab for Advanced Placement and College Chemistry Courses

Lanni

2014

J. Chem. Educ.

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Lambda Determination Challenges for Ultra-Lean Hydrogen-Fueled Engines and the Impact on Engine Calibration

Peters¹,

Bunce²

2023

SAE Technical Paper Series

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">An increasing number of zero emission powertrain technologies will be required for meeting future CO2 targets. While this demand will be met by battery and fuel cell electric vehicles in several markets, other solutions are needed for harder to electrify sectors. Hydrogen (H2) internal combustion engines (ICEs) have become an attractive option for high power, high duty cycle vehicles and are expected to play a strong role in achieving zero emission goals. A unique characteristic of H2 ICEs is their ability to operate extremely lean, with lambda (λ) greater than 2. At such conditions, a multitude of benefits are observed including higher thermal efficiency, lower engine-out nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, and mitigating common problems with H2 abnormal combustion such pre-ignition and knock. However, two critical issues arise during extreme enleanment of H2 ICEs which have practical implications on controls and calibration of these engines. The first is the ability to properly measure air fuel ratio (AFR); both in a test cell environment and on-vehicle. The second is the deteriorating combustion efficiency with enleanment despite relative engine stability. In this study, several sources of error when measuring AFR for H2 ICEs are discussed and quantified. A H2-specific AFR equation is derived and the sensitivity to various measured combustion products is explored. It is shown that among these, H2 fuel slip introduces the highest sensitivity to exhaust-measured AFR. The challenge this H2 slip AFR sensitivity poses for closed-loop transient controls is explored and the impact on NOx emissions is highlighted.</div></div>

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Incomplete Combustion of Hydrogen: Trapping a Reaction Intermediate

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Filling a Plastic Bag with Carbon Dioxide: A Student-Designed Guided-Inquiry Lab for Advanced Placement and College Chemistry Courses

Filling a Plastic Bag with Carbon Dioxide: A Student-Designed Guided-Inquiry Lab for Advanced Placement and College Chemistry Courses

Lambda Determination Challenges for Ultra-Lean Hydrogen-Fueled Engines and the Impact on Engine Calibration

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