Incomplete Ideal Theory

Berg, Amy

doi:10.5840/soctheorpract2019122069

Cited by 4 publications

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“…85 Taking her cues from Cass Sunstein, Amy Bert sees the formulation of an incomplete theory of progress as the solution in the method of "incomplete theorizing of progress." 86 As has been pointed out earlier, the process of creation plays the singularly important role in human progress. The new practice in pursuit of progress should recognize this fact and fully embrace the process of creation as its central organizing principle.…”

Section: The Many Woes Of the Anthropocentric Progressive Practicementioning

confidence: 90%

Making Progress Work: A New Life for the Old Idea

Shkliarevsky

2022

SSRN Journal

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Section: The Many Woes Of the Anthropocentric Progressive Practicementioning

confidence: 90%

Making Progress Work: A New Life for the Old Idea

Shkliarevsky

2022

SSRN Journal

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“…The theorem of the second best lacks a transitional component (see Simmons 2010, 25) and ideal theory is incomplete (Berg 2019). It is incomplete not because there is disagreement over ideals, over conceptions of justice (Sen 2009), but because there is a lack of categories for handling or containing the approximation problem.…”

Section: Second‐best Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… See Alter and Lafont 2019;Berg 2019;Brennan and Pettit 2005;Coram 1996;Lipsey and Lancaster 1956;Simmons 2010;Swift 2008;Wiens 2016. …”

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confidence: 99%

Justifying the Imperfect: Differentiated Integration and the Problem of the Second Best

Eriksen

2022

Ratio Juris

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This article deals with the problem of the second best in a politically differentiated Europe. Drawing on Kant's category of permissive law of public right, it establishes the missing link between ideal and nonideal theory and then an indirect legitimation theorem. This theorem provides tools to contain damages and unlock practices and dynamics that obstruct reforms and lead to counterproductive outcomes. The theorem, which is equipped with a time and knowledge index, awaits the formation of favourable circumstances of integration. It establishes the conditions under which differentiated integration would be nonregressive. The theorem rules out backsliding solutions, which undermine the European integration process.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…For example, see:Elster (1986),Goodin (1995),Coram (1996),Räikkä (2000),Brennan and Pettit (2005),Pettit (2006),Brennan (2007),Margalit (2010),Cavallero (2011),Goodin (2012),Heath (2013),Räikkä (2014),Wiens (2016),Steinberg (2017),Berg (2019), andEstlund (2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

What is the Fallacy of Approximation?

Hammerton

Patra²

2022

Erkenn

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Please cite the published version.ignore his alcoholic friends chooses rationally; we might be a little more circumspect about the rationality of choosing to drink warm beer over drinking something else; and, we might dismiss the decision to serve guests a mixture of red and white wine as absurd. Whatever we think of the rationality of the conclusions, we will surely observe that, in each of the different scenarios, the conclusion is justified by appealing to the claim that the chosen scenario approximates the ideal scenario better than any other alternative. Furthermore, whatever we think about the rationality of the conclusions, we might think that each of the conclusions has been poorly justified. More specifically, we might think that the alternatives that most resemble one another in their "features" are not necessarily, or even likely to be, closest in their desirability.This idea-that closeness in features does not entail closeness in desirability-is often appealed to in moral and political philosophy. 2 Many call it "the problem of second best", but this wrongly suggests that it only applies to situations where one is interested in the second best option. To avoid this implication, we will follow Estlund (2019) and call it "the fallacy of approximation". This article develops a general account of the fallacy of approximation that improves on accounts currently available in the literature. In §1 we explore how many philosophical discussions of the fallacy of approximation appeal to the famous theorem of Lipsey and Lancaster. We argue that these appeals typically misuse the theorem and that a full account of the fallacy of approximation must be developed independently of Lipsey and Lancaster's theorem. In §2 we explore David Estlund's account of the fallacy of approximation-the only systematic account developed in the literature that moves beyond the Lipsey and Lancaster theorem. We argue that, although Estlund's account is an improvement on previous accounts of the fallacy in the literature, it has several serious flaws that make it untenable. Finally, in §3, we develop our own account of the fallacy of approximation which is based on the notion of "relevant descriptive similarity". By capturing the wide variety of contexts in which approximation reasoning is used, our account avoids the problems that undermine Estlund's account. It also shows that there is no simple "fallacy of approximation" but rather several different ways in which approximation reasoning can go wrong. Finally, it shows how reasoning by approximation is a legitimate form of reasoning in many circumstances. Given this, our account makes progress possible in philosophical debates that use approximation reasoning.

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Incomplete Ideal Theory

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Making Progress Work: A New Life for the Old Idea

Making Progress Work: A New Life for the Old Idea

Justifying the Imperfect: Differentiated Integration and the Problem of the Second Best

What is the Fallacy of Approximation?

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