Incomplete reduction of reward and the frustration effect with hunger constant.

Hall, Lawrence A.; Marr, John N.

doi:10.1037/h0027541

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, Hall and Marr (1969) gave differential magnitude of reward training in the first runway of a double runway and then presented test trials on which the magnitudes of reward were reversed. They found that the large reward magnitude produced the same speed in the second runway, regardless of which stimulus had been present in the first runway; the small reward resulted in faster running after it was given in the large reward stimulus than when it was given in the small reward stimulus.…”

Section: Theories Of the Frustration Effect Amsel's Frustration Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Amsel frustration effect: Interpretations and research.

Scull

1973

Psychological Bulletin

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Experiments in the double runway and its analogs are reviewed and evaluated in terms of several theories that have been applied to this situation. Because of the complexity of the situation, a simple correspondence between the frustration effect (FE) and a hypothetical frustration response has not been convincingly demonstrated. Rather, a theoretical account of the FE must include possible effects of secondary reward, competing responses, generalization decrements, demotivation, and differential conditioning. Frustration theory is not clearly supported by the FE, but neither are there clear grounds for denying the role of frustration in producing it.

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Section: Theories Of the Frustration Effect Amsel's Frustration Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Amsel frustration effect: Interpretations and research.

Scull

1973

Psychological Bulletin

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“…Recent reviews of CE (Black, 1968;Dunhan, 1968) have concluded that NCE is a reliable phenomenon. NCE has been regularly found with the successive-CE paradigm (Czeh, 1954;DiLollo & Beez, 1966;Gonzalez, Gleitman, & Bitterman, 1962;Spence, 1956) and with the sinaltaneous'CE paradigm, both in the differentialconditioning situation (Bower, 1961;Glass S Ison, 1966;Ludvigson 5 Gay, 1967;Hatsumoto, 1969) and in the doublealley runway (DiLollo S Allison, 1970;Hall & Harr, 1969;Karabenick, 1969;McHose 5 Ludvigson, 1965). Bower (1961) proposed that NCE could be understood in terns of Ansel's (1958Ansel's ( , 1962 Frustration hypothesis as a conflict between fractional anticipatory reward responses that are associated with and moves forward in time or P backward along the instumental chain to affect earlier por tions of the instrumental response.…”

Section: Pagementioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between Negative Contrast, Positive Contrast, and the Frustration Effect in a modified double-alley runway

Willis

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Recent evidence indicates that the Positive Contrast Effect (PCE) is dependent upon a temporal interval that is maximal for the Frustration Effect (FE). These data suggest that PCE and FE may be indicative of the energizing function of frustrative nonrevard or nonzero reward reductions, while the Negative Contrast Effect (NCE) may be indicative of the inhibitory function of frustration (e.g., Amsel, 1958, 1962). If this is true, then a) it should be possible to provide a within-S demonstration of NCE, PCE, and FE, and b) factors that influence the development of FE should influence the de velopment of PCE. Bats (N = 60) were divided into 5 groups (20-0, 20-4, 20, and 0) and given 192 discrimination trials in a modified double-alley runway. S-trials were either longsignalled or short-signalled, ss were given 4 trials per day; the intertriai interval (XTI) between Trials 1 and 2 and between Trials 3 and 4 was 20 seconds, while the ITis between Trials 2 and 3 and between Trials 4 and 1 were 20 minutes and 24 hours, respectively. In Phase 1, start, run, and goal speeds in the alley were recorded; postreward activity over three consecutive 5-second intervals was recorded. In Phase 2 (the last 48 trials), hurdle-jumping replaced activity. The data showed NCE, PCE, and FE in the same S; NCE and PCE occurred in the start measure, while FE occurred in both vii the activity measures and the hurdle-jump measure. Although PCE did occur under conditions maximal for FE (i.e., in the start data on S+ trials after S-trials at short ITI), PCE did not vary as a function of reward magnitude. It was sug gested that differences in the tasks used to measure FE and PCE may have obscured magnitude effects, otherwise, the results of the study were interpreted as consistent with Amsel's (1958, 1962) Frustration hypothesis.

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“…NCE has been regularly found with the successive-CE paradigm (Czeh, 1954;DiLollo & Beez, 1966;Gonzalez, Gleitman, & Bitterman, 1962;Spence, 1956) and with the sinaltaneous'CE paradigm, both in the differentialconditioning situation (Bower, 1961;Glass S Ison, 1966;Ludvigson 5 Gay, 1967;Hatsumoto, 1969) and in the doublealley runway (DiLollo S Allison, 1970;Hall & Harr, 1969;Karabenick, 1969;McHose 5 Ludvigson, 1965). Bower (1961) proposed that NCE could be understood in terns of Ansel's (1958Ansel's ( , 1962 that are associated with and moves forward in time or P backward along the instumental chain to affect earlier por tions of the instrumental response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between Negative Contrast, Positive Contrast, and the Frustration Effect in a modified double-alley runway

Willis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Incomplete reduction of reward and the frustration effect with hunger constant.

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

The Amsel frustration effect: Interpretations and research.

The Amsel frustration effect: Interpretations and research.

The relationship between Negative Contrast, Positive Contrast, and the Frustration Effect in a modified double-alley runway

The relationship between Negative Contrast, Positive Contrast, and the Frustration Effect in a modified double-alley runway

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