Inconsistent effects of gluten on obesity: is there a role for the haptoglobin isoforms?

Silva, Rachel B.; Rodrigues, Érica Castilho; Coelho, Bruna S.; Andrade, Karine Silva de; Fonseca, Luana Moreira; Fernandes‐Braga, Weslley; Ferreira, Adaliene Versiani Matos; Shivappa, Nitin; Hébert, James R.; Silvestre, Simone Cm.; Fasano, Alessio; Freire, Rachel; Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I

doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.008

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…However, it is important to consider this observation in relation to the effects of gluten in humans. In a recent study entitled Inconsistent effects of gluten on obesity (Silva et al, 2020), 40 overweight women free from CD were enrolled in a single-blind crossover diet study in which either a gluten-free muffin (GF-M) or a gluten-containing muffin (GLU-M, 24 g gluten) was consumed, each for 4 weeks. Energy intakes remained similar during both periods and no effects on body fat, fat-free mass and resting energy expenditure due to the additional gluten intake were found.…”

Section: Is There Another Mechan Ism By Which Gluten May Impact On We...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Lam & Ravussin, (2017), the relationships between RMR and obesity are inconsistent, with RMR reported to show negative, positive or no correlations with obesity. Zonulin was not measured by Silva et al (2020) and no mechanistic explanation was given as to how zonulin, which is involved in the regulation of tight junction permeability, may have effects on RMR in individuals with the Hp2-2 genotype. In the publication (Silva et al, 2020), reference is made to two experimental studies, which showed gluten-induced weight gain in mice that were fed a high-fat diet with the aim of inducing obesity (Freire et al, 2016;Soares et al, 2013).…”

Section: Is There Another Mechan Ism By Which Gluten May Impact On We...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zonulin was not measured by Silva et al (2020) and no mechanistic explanation was given as to how zonulin, which is involved in the regulation of tight junction permeability, may have effects on RMR in individuals with the Hp2-2 genotype. In the publication (Silva et al, 2020), reference is made to two experimental studies, which showed gluten-induced weight gain in mice that were fed a high-fat diet with the aim of inducing obesity (Freire et al, 2016;Soares et al, 2013). The first study (Soares et al, 2013) compared a diet containing gluten with a gluten-free diet, given to the mice for a period of 8 weeks.…”

Section: Is There Another Mechan Ism By Which Gluten May Impact On We...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silva et al (2020) also refer to another study that claimed that gluten intake reduced energy expenditure and the thermogenic capacity of adipose tissue in obese mice fed a high‐fat diet (Freire et al, 2016). They used technetium labelled (de Barros et al, 2010; Faintuch et al, 2008) hydrolyzed wheat gluten, containing a wide variety of peptides (molecular weight distribution, 10.1% > 2000, 57.9% 500–2000, 32.0% < 500) and used scintigraphy to show the presence of the label in blood, liver and visceral adipose tissue.…”

Section: Is There Another Mechanism By Which Gluten May Impact On Wei...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, studies in mice with knock out of PPARγ, leading to complete abolishment of PPARγ activity, did show a reduction in brown adipose cell size and stored lipid droplets, when compared to wild type control animals, but did not result in a difference in BW and body composition (Lasar et al, 2018). Silva et al (2020) also refer to another study that claimed that gluten intake reduced energy expenditure and the thermogenic capacity of adipose tissue in obese mice fed a high-fat diet (Freire et al, 2016). They used technetium labelled (de Barros et al, 2010;Faintuch et al, 2008) hydrolyzed wheat gluten, containing a wide variety of peptides (molecular weight distribution, 10.1% > 2000, 57.9% 500-2000, 32.0% < 500) and used scintigraphy to show the presence of the label in blood, liver and visceral adipose tissue.…”

Section: Is There Another Mechan Ism By Which Gluten May Impact On We...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do gluten peptides stimulate weight gain in humans?

Brouns

Shewry

2022

Nutrition Bulletin

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Observations from animal and in vitro laboratory research, and anecdotal evidence, have led to the suggestion that gluten consumption stimulates weight gain by the presence of peptides expressing opioid activity. Another proposed mechanism is that gluten peptides decrease resting energy expenditure resulting in a positive energy balance. In order to induce such effects in vivo, intact food peptides must be absorbed in sufficient quantities, remain intact in the blood for sufficient time to have long‐lasting biological activity and bind to receptors involved in appetite, satiety and energy regulation. However, although peptides from food may pass from the intestine into the blood in extremely low quantities, they are generally rapidly degraded by plasma and vasculum‐bound aminopeptidases, resulting in very short half‐lives and loss of bioactivity. At present, gluten peptide sequences that influence regulators of energy metabolism have not been identified. Furthermore, data on the quantitative absorption of gluten peptides in the blood stream, their stability and lasting bioactivity are also lacking. Therefore, there is no evidence for proposed effects on driving appetite by the brain, nor on energy expenditure and weight gain. Furthermore, the level of overweight observed in various countries appears to be independent of the level of wheat consumption, and abundant observational evidence in humans shows that the levels of gluten consumption are neither related to daily calorie intake nor to BMI. This narrative review therefore discusses the proposed effects of gluten on bodyweight (BW) and putative biological mechanisms in the light of the current evidence.

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Section: Is There Another Mechan Ism By Which Gluten May Impact On We...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Is There Another Mechan Ism By Which Gluten May Impact On We...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Is There Another Mechan Ism By Which Gluten May Impact On We...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Is There Another Mechanism By Which Gluten May Impact On Wei...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Is There Another Mechan Ism By Which Gluten May Impact On We...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Do gluten peptides stimulate weight gain in humans?

Brouns

Shewry

2022

Nutrition Bulletin

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Food, gut barrier dysfunction, and related diseases: A new target for future individualized disease prevention and management

Liang

Saunders

Sanossian

2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Dysfunction of gut barrier is known as “leaky gut” or increased intestinal permeability. Numerous recent scientific evidences showed the association between gut dysfunction and multiple gastrointestinal tract (GI) and non‐GI diseases. Research also demonstrated that food plays a crucial role to cause or remedy gut dysfunction related to diseases. We reviewed recent articles from electronic databases, mainly PubMed. The data were based on animal models, cell models, and human research in vivo and in vitro models. In this comprehensive review, our aim focused on the relationship between dietary factors, intestinal permeability dysfunction, and related diseases. This review synthesizes currently available literature and is discussed in three parts: (a) the mechanism of gut barrier and function, (b) food and dietary supplements that may promote gut health, and food or medication that may alter gut function, and (c) a table that organizes the synthesized information by general mechanisms for diseases related to leaky gut/intestinal permeability and associated dietary influences. With future research, dietary intervention could be a new target for individualized disease prevention and management.

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Does a Gluten-free Diet Improve Metabolic Syndrome Parameters? A Systematic Review

Orange¹,

Andrade²,

Lima³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

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To review scientific evidence on the effects of a gluten-free diet on body composition and improvement of clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes -PRISMA guidelines were followed. A literature search was performed in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Trip Database, Bireme and Scielo databases, without language restriction, until March 2021. The terms "gluten-free diet", "obesity", "metabolic syndrome", and "weight loss", and Boolean operators (AND/OR) were used. The clinical hypothesis was structured according to the acronym PICOT. Randomized clinical trials with adult and elderly humans without a diagnosis of celiac disease, consuming a gluten-free diet, evaluating associations of the effects of this diet on weight loss and metabolic syndrome components were considered eligible. To assess the risk of bias, the RoB2 was used. A total of 3,198 articles were identified and, after the screening and evaluation of pre-defined eligibility criteria, four studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Weight loss was not associated with a gluten-free diet. However, individuals under a gluten-free diet had lower mean waist circumference, fat percentage (-2.3%) and serum triglyceride levels. The impact of a gluten-free diet on metabolic syndrome parameters is still controversial. In individuals without gluten sensitivity or celiac disease, the consumption of a gluten-free diet appears to provide no nutritional benefit.

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Inconsistent effects of gluten on obesity: is there a role for the haptoglobin isoforms?

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Do gluten peptides stimulate weight gain in humans?

Do gluten peptides stimulate weight gain in humans?

Food, gut barrier dysfunction, and related diseases: A new target for future individualized disease prevention and management

Does a Gluten-free Diet Improve Metabolic Syndrome Parameters? A Systematic Review

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