Inconsistent multiple testing corrections: The fallacy of using family-based error rates to make inferences about individual hypotheses

Rubin, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.metip.2024.100140

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 43 publications

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“…If at least one of the two constituent null hypotheses is rejected (while the significance level alpha 0.05 for each constituted test is adjusted by applying the Holm-Bonferroni correction), the union of their constituent alternative hypotheses is statistically significant, which means that the examined trait is statistically significant for the difference between the scribes and the reference group (where the family-wise error rate did not exceed the predefined significance level alpha). The establishment of the family of hypotheses follows Rubin’s paper 104 and the desired outcome of the analysis, which is the individual statistical significance of each trait. For these reasons, any other alpha adjustment would be redundant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Egyptian scribes and specific skeletal occupational risk markers (Abusir, Old Kingdom)

Brukner Havelková,

Dulíková,

Bejdová

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Men with writing proficiency enjoyed a privileged position in ancient Egyptian society in the third millennium BC. Research focusing on these officials of elevated social status (“scribes”) usually concentrates on their titles, scribal statues, iconography, etc., but the individuals themselves, and their skeletal remains, have been neglected. The aim of this study is to reveal whether repetitive tasks and maintained postures related to scribal activity can manifest in skeletal changes and identify possible occupational risk factors. A total of 1767 items including entheseal changes, non-metric traits, and degenerative changes were recorded from the human remains of 69 adult males of well-defined social status categories from the necropolis at Abusir (2700–2180 BC). Statistically significant differences between the scribes and the reference group attested a higher incidence of changes in scribes and manifested themselves especially in the occurrence of osteoarthritis of the joints. Our research reveals that remaining in a cross-legged sitting or kneeling position for extended periods, and the repetitive tasks related to writing and the adjusting of the rush pens during scribal activity, caused the extreme overloading of the jaw, neck and shoulder regions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Egyptian scribes and specific skeletal occupational risk markers (Abusir, Old Kingdom)

Brukner Havelková,

Dulíková,

Bejdová

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Westerners underestimate global inequality

Ziano,

Onyeador,

Dhanda

2024

Judgm. decis. mak.

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Most global inequality is between countries, but inequality perceptions have mostly been investigated within the country. Six studies (total N = 2656, 5 preregistered, 1 incentivized for accuracy, 1 with a sample representative of the USA) show that Westerners (U.S. American, British, and French participants) believe that developing and middle-income countries’ GDP per capita is much closer to developed countries’ than it actually is, and that people in developing and middle-income countries have higher rates of car ownership, larger houses, and eat out more frequently than they actually do, meaning that Westerners underestimate global inequality. This misperception is underpinned by a convergence illusion: the belief that over time, poorer countries have closed the economic gap with richer countries to a larger extent than they have. Further, overestimating GDP per capita is negatively correlated with support for aid to the target country and positively correlated with a country’s perceived military threat. We discuss implications for inequality perceptions and for global economic justice.

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Short- and long-term effects of beta-blockers on symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with myocardial infarction and preserved left ventricular function: a pre-specified quality of life sub-study from the REDUCE-AMI trial

Leissner,

Mars,

Humphries

et al. 2024

European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care

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Aims Among patients with myocardial infarction (MI) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the REDUCE-AMI trial did not demonstrate a benefit of beta-blocker vs. no beta-blocker treatment on all-cause mortality and recurrent myocardial infarction. The aim of this pre-specified sub-study was to investigate effects of beta-blockers on self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methods and results In this parallel-group, open-label, registry-based randomized trial, assessments with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were obtained at hospitalization and two follow-up points (6–10 weeks and 12–14 months) after MI. Analyses were based on the intention-to-treat principle using linear mixed models, calculating both short- and long-term effects. From August 2018 through June 2022, 806 patients were enrolled. At baseline, 27% of patients were possible cases of anxiety (m, 5.6; SD, 3.9) and 14% were possible cases of depression (m, 3.9; SD, 3.2). Beta-blocker treatment had a negative effect on depressive symptoms at both follow-ups 1 (β = 0.48; 95% CI 09–0.86; P = 0.015) and 2 (β = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.01–0.81; P = 0.047), but no effect on anxiety. Conclusion Beta-blocker treatment led to a modest increase in depressive symptoms among MI patients with preserved LVEF. This observed effect was most pronounced in individuals with prior beta-blocker treatment. In routine initiation and continuation of beta-blocker treatment, a risk of slightly increased depressive symptoms should be considered.

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Inconsistent multiple testing corrections: The fallacy of using family-based error rates to make inferences about individual hypotheses

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Ancient Egyptian scribes and specific skeletal occupational risk markers (Abusir, Old Kingdom)

Ancient Egyptian scribes and specific skeletal occupational risk markers (Abusir, Old Kingdom)

Westerners underestimate global inequality

Short- and long-term effects of beta-blockers on symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with myocardial infarction and preserved left ventricular function: a pre-specified quality of life sub-study from the REDUCE-AMI trial

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