Incorporating demand response in two-stage frequency emergency control

Ju, Ping; Jiang, Tingyu; Chung, C. Y.; Gong, Yitao; Zhou, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107122

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…So that, the time scales need to be known to realize the suitable perception of flexibility. On this basis, Milligan et al [16] portrays time scales for flexibility to be seconds (inertia response as a barrier in opposition to system frequency disproportions [17]) to multiple years (system planning prospect). It is noticeable that as the research in [15] is not devising an improved definition on the concept of flexibility in comparison with researches in [12]- [14], the definitions of flexibility needed to be emerged with the precise definition of time scales.…”

Section: Definitions Of Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Power System Flexibility: Concept, Services, and Products

et al. 2022

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Massive proliferation of Variable Energy Resources (VERs) in modern power systems has posed a variety of challenges to the reliable operation of the power grid and has, at times, jeopardized the system flexibility. Flexibility is the system's ability to respond to and cope with the imbalances between supply and demand while managing the uncertainty and variability of VERs and maintaining the power system's security and reliability within the acceptable margins. Leveraging the system's available resources and capabilities, the system operators must take strategic actions to mitigate the impacts of VERs on the grid flexibility at a reasonable cost. The concept of flexibility is somewhat novel, which calls for profound studies and analyses to address different aspects of flexibility, but not limited to definition and characterization of standard metrics and indices to measure the power grid flexibility, flexibility-centred operation and planning models for the power grid, etc. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research on power system flexibility, including existing definitions and quantification measures, flexible resources, and flexibility products and services in electricity markets.

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Section: Definitions Of Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Power System Flexibility: Concept, Services, and Products

et al. 2022

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“…This strategy can ensure that the distribution system can switch to island operation, maintain an uninterrupted power supply of important loads, and improve the reliability and flexibility of the power system. However, existing research primarily focuses on the large power grid's frequency response model modeling and emergency frequency control strategy formulation, with little research on emergency frequency control after the distribution system is disconnected from the superior (Dreidy et al, 2017;Ju et al, 2021;Qinglei. et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency frequency control strategy of distribution system based on the coordination of multi-resource

Shen,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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Introduction: The urban distribution system plays a crucial role in efficient power distribution within urban areas. The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme events in recent years pose significant challenges to the reliable operation of urban distribution systems. While extensive research focuses on emergency frequency control strategies for large-scale power grids, there is a need for targeted attention to address the emergency frequency control challenges arising when the urban distribution system becomes isolated from the superior power grid due to extreme events.Methods: This paper aims to enhance the system's resilience to extreme events by investigating the coordinated regulation of various resources within the urban distribution system. The studied resources include synchronous generators, wind farms, battery energy storage systems, temperature control loads, and conventional load resources. A reduced-order model for the multi-resource system’s frequency response is established. Analytical expressions for key parameters, including the lowest system frequency, lowest point time, and quasi-steady state frequency, are derived.Results: To address the challenge of multi-resource coordinated regulation, an emergency frequency control strategy is proposed. This strategy takes into account the system safety frequency constraint, resource control amount constraint, and line power flow constraint. Simulations are conducted using the MATLAB/Simulink platform, considering IEEE 13 bus and IEEE 33 bus distribution systems as test cases.Discussion: Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in regulating the distribution system's resources, ensuring that the lowest frequency remains within the safety threshold of 49.8 Hz. Moreover, the proposed method minimizes control costs and limits load shedding, thereby fully leveraging the capabilities of diverse resources in the urban distribution system. This research contributes valuable insights into addressing emergency frequency control challenges in urban distribution systems during extreme events.

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“…A two-stage EFC scheme is proposed, where the control resources include HVDC modulation, energy storage, and load shedding in both stages and wind farms only for the first stage [21]. A two-stage EFC control for online decision-making is proposed, where the ELS is adopted in the first stage to prevent a large frequency drop, and the coordination of demand response and ELS is adopted in the second stage for frequency recovery while reducing the control cost [22]. A real-time coordinated control method for EFC is proposed, where control resources include emergency demand response, HVDC modulation, and energy storage [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination of Multiple Flexible Resources Considering Virtual Power Plants and Emergency Frequency Control

et al. 2023

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High-voltage direct current (HVDC) blocking disturbance leads to large power losses in the receiving-end power grid, and the event-driven emergency frequency control (EFC) is an important measure to prevent large frequency deviation. By aggregating controllable distributed energy resources (DERs) on the demand side, a virtual power plant (VPP) could quickly reduce its power and can be a new fast response resource for EFC. Considering both the VPP and the traditional control resources, this paper proposes an optimized EFC strategy coordinating multiple resources for the receiving-end power grid with multi-infeed HVDC. The approximate aggregation model of the VPP response process is constructed, based on which the EFC strategy, aiming at minimizing the total control cost while meeting constraints on rotor angle stability and frequency deviation security, is proposed. The electromechanical transient simulation combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized to solve the model, and parallel computation is utilized to accelerate the solving process. The effectiveness of the proposed EFC strategy is verified by a provincial receiving-end power grid with multi-infeed HVDC. The detailed simulation results show that VPP could dramatically reduce the control cost of EFC while maintaining the same stability margin.

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Incorporating demand response in two-stage frequency emergency control

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Power System Flexibility: Concept, Services, and Products

A Comprehensive Review on Power System Flexibility: Concept, Services, and Products

Emergency frequency control strategy of distribution system based on the coordination of multi-resource

Coordination of Multiple Flexible Resources Considering Virtual Power Plants and Emergency Frequency Control

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