“…In addition, various major social issues, including a decreasing birth rate, an aging population, diversified interactions between ethnic groups, rapid development of the Internet and information technology, emergence of new job types, increasing democratic participation, growing awareness of social justice, attention to ecologically sustainable development, and transformations brought about by globalization and internationalization, pose numerous challenges to education and contribute to the need for reform to ensure that Taiwan's education system can keep pace with changing social needs and global trends. In addition, Taiwan, a small island in the western Pacific Ocean, has been influenced by international tendencies in terms of its politics, economics, academic research, etc., and the development of teacher education is no exception (Huang, 2010;Ministry of Education, 2014;Shih and Wang, 2022).…”