Incorporating Low Frequency Noise Legislation for the Energy Industry in Alberta, Canada

Abstract

Environmental noise from energy industry facilities in Alberta, Canada, is regulated by the province's Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB) (until 2008 known as the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board [EUB]) as set out in Directive 038: Noise Control. The 2007 edition of the directive, which comprises a comprehensive policy and guide, adopts A-weighted energy equivalent sound levels (LAeq), with sound pressure level criteria, as the primary measurement system for a receptor location. With the receptor being some distance from the energy industry noise source, the high and medium frequency components can dissipate or be absorbed by air and ground conditions, leaving mostly low frequency noise (LFN). Consequently, Aweighted measurements do not reflect the full annoyance potential of the remaining industrial noise. Complaints related to LFN are often described by the affected party as a deep, heavy sound, like "humming", sometimes with an accompanying vibration. In some cases, the direction of the source of the LFN will be unknown to the receptor. However, it is the complainant that is most able to detect the presence of the LFN, signifying a particular sensitivity of the individual to the sound while others in the same family may not be able to detect the sound at all. To make a proper determination for the presence of LFN, the data must be collected during a time when environmental conditions are representative of when the sound is annoying. Residents who are impacted by LFN may suffer from sleep disturbances, headaches, and in some cases chronic fatigue. This paper examines the work undertaken by the ERCB to understand the issue, the various metrics tested to easily identify LFN, and finally the approach that would be incorporated into the new 2007 edition of Directive 038: Noise Control to address the problem.

Wind Turbine Acoustic Investigation

“…Others were forced to leave their home to sleep farther away at a family or friend's house or even in a motel. These symptoms (DeGagne & Lapka, 2008;Schust, 2004) and behavior patterns (H. G. Leventhall, 2004) are consistent with LFN exposure suggesting that IWT lowfrequency energy may be a factor.…”

Literature Reviews on Wind Turbines and Health

“…(Erickson v. Director, Ministry of the Environment, 2011a) Annoyance from audible low-frequency noise is acknowledged to be more severe in general. Low-frequency noise does not need to be considered loud for it to cause annoyance and irritation (DeGagne & Lapka, 2008). Low-frequency noise causes immense suffering to those who are unfortunate to be sensitive to it (Leventhall, 2003) and chronic psychophysiological damage may result from long-term exposure to low-level low-frequency noise (Leventhall, 2004).…”

“…Low-frequency noise causes immense suffering to those who are unfortunate to be sensitive to it (Leventhall, 2003) and chronic psychophysiological damage may result from long-term exposure to low-level low-frequency noise (Leventhall, 2004). Some symptoms associated with exposure to low-frequency noise include stress, sleep disturbance, headaches, difficulty concentrating, irritability, fatigue, dizziness or vertigo, tinnitus, anxiety, heart ailments, and palpitation (DeGagne & Lapka, 2008;Leventhall, 2003;Schust, 2004).…”

Assessment of low-frequency noise from wind turbines under different weather conditions

“…Studies have widely affirmed that exposure to LFN can have adverse health effects on humans, including annoyance, stress, sleep disturbance, headache, tinnitus, irritation, exhaustion, anxiety, as well as hearing loss, impaired concentration, and in some cases chronic fatigue [1,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. LFN from wind turbines may cause vibroacoustic disease, characterized by an increased risk of epilepsy, cardiovascular effects, and coronary artery disease [16,17].…”