Incorporating of Lanthanides Ions into Perovskite Film for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Since Yan's work, incorporation of some lanthanide elements, such as Eu and Nd, into MAPbI3 layer has been proven to be a powerful strategy on improving the permanence of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, a comprehensive configuration has not been given for different lanthanide elements doping while the mechanism has not been clarified. Herein, the incorporation of various lanthanides ions (Ln3+ = Ce3+, Eu3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, or Yb3+) into perovskite films to largely enhance the performance of PSCs is presented. Arising from the enlarged grain size and crystallinity of perovskite film upon Ln3+ ions doping, the efficiency and stability of PSCs are significantly improved. Extraordinarily, PSCs with Ce3+ doping achieve the best performance, with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.67% in contrast to 18.50% for pristine PSCs, and outstanding long‐term and UV irradiation stability. Such high performance of PSCs after Ce3+ doping originates from special Ce3+/Ce4+ redox pair and the unique 4f‐5d absorption in the UV region. Finally, the flexible PSCs with low‐temperature preparation are explored. Considering the richer deposition of cerium element in the earth and lower price, the findings may provide new opportunities for developing low‐cost, highly efficient, air/UV stable, and flexible PSCs.

Atomistic origin of lattice softness and its impact on structural and carrier dynamics in three dimensional perovskites

“…Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , Ce 3+ , Yb 3+ , and Bi 3+ ) into LHPs is a promising route to improving their stability. [101][102][103][104] However, the carrier lifetimes all become shorter following doping. [104][105][106][107][108][109][110] Aside from the explanation concerning defects, 111 the experimental results can be rationalized by our proposed simpler model (eqn (1)).…”

Effects of mixed-valence states of Eu-doped FAPbI3 perovskite crystals studied by first-principles calculation

“…To better understand the photovoltaic mechanism, the photovoltaic performance, electronic structure, band gap, effective mass of the electron and hole, and the total and partial densities of state have been studied on the basis of experimental results and the first-principles calculation using density functional theory (DFT). [44][45][46] The partial replacement of the europium ion with the B site in the perovskite crystal prevented the decomposition, improving the long-term stability of the performance with the reduction of the internal defect, while suppressing the degradation by the Eu 2+ -Eu 3+ redox shuttle reaction.…”

Rare earth doping in perovskite luminescent nanocrystals and photoelectric devices

“…After that, RE ions has been incorporated into different perovskite systems, such as CsPb(Cl/Br) 3 , CsPbBr 3 , CsPbI 3 , MAPbI 3 , double perovskite NCs, etc. [37][38][39] Many investigations have reported to illustrate the substitution site of RE ions in the lead halide perovskite NCs. Zhang's group studied a series of CsPbBr 3 : RE (RE = Ce 3+ , Pr 3+ , Nd 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , Gd 3+ , Tb 3+ , Dy 3+ , Ho 3+ , Er 3+ , Tm 3+ , Yb 3+ ) compounds by first-principles calculations, [131] which revealed that RE ions preferred to replace Pb 2+ site, and Yb 3+ and Eu 3+ ions were easier to substitute Pb 2+ due to their close radius.…”

“…[45] RE ions doped organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite were frequently applied to the field of optoelectronics, especially for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). [39,[46][47] In order to enhance the lasing performance of organicinorganic perovskite NCs, Karunakaran's group introduced Tm 3+ in the organic-inorganic perovskite (GAPbI 3 : GA = C(NH 2 ) 3 ). [48] The introduction of Tm 3+ improved the film quality, smoothed the surface, and improved the optical properties of the NCs.…”

“…Song et al incorporated a series of Ln 3+ (Ln = Ce, Nd, Sm, Yb, Nd) into MAPbI 3 , in which Ce 3+ doped enhanced the air and UV stability of PSCs significantly. [39] In addition, through analyzing the XRD and XPS spectra, Ln 3+ ions were successfully incorporated into MAPbI 3 and indeed partial substitution of Pb 2+ .…”