“…Overexploitation of groundwater resources, Sea-Level Rise (SLR) due to climate changes, and extreme conditions such as drought and floods lead to SWI in coastal zones (Ebrahimi & Shourian, 2020;Firozjaei et al, 2024). Currently, more than 100 counties and locals world-wide are endangered by SWI (Abd-Elhamid et al, 2016;Barlow & Reichard, 2010;Bhagat et al, 2021;Han & Currell, 2018;Motaei et al, 2024;Palacios et al, 2020). SWI could affect water bodies and the neighboring regions along rivers; effects may include the intrusion of seawater into drinking water resources, the contamination of agricultural farms, and the pollution of groundwater resources (Roudbari et al, 2023;Khoshkonesh et al, 2024;Kahrizi et al, 2023).…”