The specific relationship between the alkyl tail lengths of four
azobenzene probes embedded in DOPC liquid disorder membrane and their
(non) linear optical (NLO) properties have been considered in the
current study. Using extensive molecular dynamics calculations, the
push/pull effect of the alkyl tails on the position and orientation
of the probes in the model membrane are discussed. The simulations
indicate that with increasing tail lengths the cis isomers are pushed
closer to the membrane surface, while the trans ones are rather pulled
toward the membrane center. Throughout hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular
mechanics calculations, the linear and nonlinear optical properties
of these compounds have been investigated. The pushing effect of the
tails for cis azobenzene is translated in strong responses in the
(non) linear optical spectroscopies, while the opposite is seen for
the trans isomers. The cis isomer can be seen as the active state
of the azobenzene compound for membrane recognition. The current work
highlights the correlation between the tails of photosensitive membrane
probes and their NLO properties, and focuses on unexpected behaviors
of azobenzene derivatives in biological environments which can be
exploited in distinguishing between soft and stiff cellular compartments
that are of utmost importance for ion carrier transport.