Incorporation of a European Weed Into the Diet of a North American Herbivore

Thomas, Caroline; Ng, David; Singer, Michael C.; Mallet, James; Parmesan, Camille; Billington, H. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb05862.x

Cited by 127 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…To assess the potential of host shifts that mediate speciation it is crucial to unveil the mechanisms involved in the efficient exploitation of novel resources by specialists [19], [77], [78], especially in the critical initial phase of a recently assembled new plant– herbivore interaction. Unfortunately, host plant specialists shifting to new hosts are rarely directly observed in nature [79], [80]. Here we tested this hypothesis by creating an artificial “novel host”, an ecological opportunity in the form of a cactus, nutritionally equivalent to the prickly pear O. sulphurea but with the alkaloid content and concentration of the columnar T. terschekii .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Tolerance to Host Cactus Alkaloids in Drosophila koepferae and D. buzzatii

et al. 2014

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The evolution of cactophily in the genus Drosophila was a major ecological transition involving over a hundred species in the Americas that acquired the capacity to cope with a variety of toxic metabolites evolved as feeding deterrents in Cactaceae. D. buzzatii and D. koepferae are sibling cactophilic species in the D. repleta group. The former is mainly associated with the relatively toxic-free habitat offered by prickly pears (Opuntia sulphurea) and the latter has evolved the ability to use columnar cacti of the genera Trichocereus and Cereus that contain an array of alkaloid secondary compounds. We assessed the effects of cactus alkaloids on fitness-related traits and evaluated the ability of D. buzzatii and D. koepferae to exploit an artificial novel toxic host. Larvae of both species were raised in laboratory culture media to which we added increasing doses of an alkaloid fraction extracted from the columnar cactus T. terschekii. In addition, we evaluated performance on an artificial novel host by rearing larvae in a seminatural medium that combined the nutritional quality of O. sulphurea plus amounts of alkaloids found in fresh T. terschekii. Performance scores in each rearing treatment were calculated using an index that took into account viability, developmental time, and adult body size. Only D. buzzatii suffered the effects of increasing doses of alkaloids and the artificial host impaired viability in D. koepferae, but did not affect performance in D. buzzatii. These results provide the first direct evidence that alkaloids are key determinants of host plant use in these species. However, the results regarding the artificial novel host suggest that the effects of alkaloids on performance are not straightforward as D. koepferae was heavily affected. We discuss these results in the light of patterns of host plan evolution in the Drosophila repleta group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Tolerance to Host Cactus Alkaloids in Drosophila koepferae and D. buzzatii

et al. 2014

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“…In contrast to some populations of Euphydryas editha that have incorporated P. lanceolata as one of a set of acceptable host plants (Singer 1982, Thomas et al 1987, Singer et al 1988, 1989, certain populations of E. phaeton in the northeastern United States have shifted to using P. lanceolata exclusively. Since P. lanceolata was introduced into the United States only 150-200 yr ago (Cavers et al 1980), a maximum of 200 generations of this univoltine butterfly could have been exposed to this potential host plant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since P. lanceolata was introduced into the United States only 150-200 yr ago (Cavers et al 1980), a maximum of 200 generations of this univoltine butterfly could have been exposed to this potential host plant. Although this period of time may be sufficient for the evolution of preference for, and enhanced performance on, a novel host plant (e.g., Tabashnik 1983 for Colias and alfalfa; Thomas et al 1987 for E. editha on P. lanceolata), such evolution would depend on the population dynamics of the plant and the insect, as well as the selective regime to which both were exposed (Gould 1979, Shapiro and Masuda 1980, Strong et al 1984, Rausher 1985, Waage and Bergelson 1985, Hare and Kennedy 1986, Horton et al 1988, Thompson 1988). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, there are several components to this process, including: (1) female ability to find the host plant, (2) female acceptance of the host plant as a place to oviposit, (3) larval acceptance of the host plant, (4) larval ability to find and recognize the host plant, and (5) sufficient larval growth and survival on the host plant (Rausher 1982, Thomas et al 1987, Thompson 1988). Thus, there are several components to this process, including: (1) female ability to find the host plant, (2) female acceptance of the host plant as a place to oviposit, (3) larval acceptance of the host plant, (4) larval ability to find and recognize the host plant, and (5) sufficient larval growth and survival on the host plant (Rausher 1982, Thomas et al 1987, Thompson 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Stage of Host Range Expansion by a Specialist Herbivore, Euphydryas Phaeton (Nymphalidae)

Bowers¹,

Stamp²,

Collinge³

1992

Ecology

106

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecology.Abstract. We examined whether larval and adult behavior, physiology, and chemical defense were altered as a result of host range expansion by the Baltimore checkerspot (Euphydryas phaeton, Nymphalidae) from the native host plant, turtlehead (Cheloneglabra, Scrophulariaceae), to the introduced weed, plantain (Plantago lanceolata, Plantaginaceae). We found that newly hatched larvae from eggs collected from a population using plantain were heavier than those from a population using turtlehead. Nonetheless, both the prediapause and postdiapause larvae derived from the turtlehead population and fed turtlehead in a laboratory experiment gained more mass than those from the plantain population fed plantain. Collections of diapausing larvae from field sites corroborated that pattern. Regardless of the population source (i.e., those using either turtlehead or plantain), postdiapause larvae reared on turtlehead exhibited higher relative growth rate (RGR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) than those fed plantain, even though approximate digestibility (AD) and leaf nitrogen concentrations were lower for turtlehead. Regardless of their population of origin, choice tests showed that newly hatched larvae preferred turtlehead. Likewise, adult females reared from larvae collected from both populations oviposited exclusively on turtlehead. Both C. glabra and P. lanceolata contain iridoid glycosides. The iridoid glycoside profile of butterflies reared on these two plants differed, reflecting the differences of the host plants. The shift of some populations of E. phaeton onto plantain is most likely a function of several ecological factors rather than genetic differentiation between populations using turtlehead and plantain.

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“…Females have been shown to oviposit on hosts not suitable for larval development (Scriber 1983) and larvae have been shown to develop on hosts not chosen by the female (Thomas et al 1987). For a successful host shift to occur, the female must oviposit on the new host and (or) the larvae must survive there.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PERFORMANCE OF TRIRHABDA VIRGATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON THREE POTENTIAL HOSTS

1999

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The Canadian Entomolopist 131: 801 -811 (1999) The suitability ofthree potential host plants, Solidago canadensisL. var. canadensis (Asteraceae), Solidago graminifulia (L.) Salisb., and Aster lateriflorus L. (Asteraceae), for the goldenrod beetle, Trirhabda virgata LeConte was determined by measuring several fitness components during the T. virgata life cycle. Neonate larvae were collected from S. canadensis plants and transplanted onto S. canadensis, S. graminifulia, and A. lateriflorus and maintained in field enclosures until the last instar was reached. Once brought into the laboratory, larvae were fed their assigned host plant until pupation. Following emergence, adults were weighed and separated into mating pairs to record oviposition and longevity. Eggs were kept in the laboratory until the following spring, when first instar larvae were taken into the field and re-established on their assigned host, and the experiment was repeated for 2 years. Larval survival and rate of development was not affected by the host plant. Mean weight of adults at emergence was greater on S. canadensls than on either S. graminifulia or A. lateriflorus. Two components of adult fitness, postmating longevity and realized fecundity, were measured. Longevity of adult fernale T. virgata was not affected by the host plant. Fecundity of Z virgata reared on A. lateriflorus and S. graminifulia was lower than the fecundity of females reared on S. canadensis. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that both intrinsic plant quality and the mobility of the foraging stage are important in the evolution of host range in T. virgata. These experiments were repeated over a 3-year period, using offspring from the survivors of the previous year for the 2nd and 3rd years. Over this time, individuals experienced "laboratory adaptation," and both accepted and increased their performance on previously unacceptable food plants. Blatt SE, Schindel AM, Harmsen R. 1999. Performance de Trirhabda virgata (Coleoptetu : Chrysomelidae) chez trois h6tes potentiels. The Canadian Entomologist 131 : 801-811. ' Author to whom all conesoondence should be addressed THE CANAJ3IAN ENTOMOLOGIST NovemberDecember 1999pas Ct C affectCe par la nature de l'hbte. En revanche, la fCconditC des insectes s'est avCrCe plus faible chez les femelles ClevCes sur A. lateriflorus et S. graminifolia que chez celles ClevCes sur S. canadensis. Ces rksultats sont en accord avec l'hypothkse selon laquelle la qualit6 intrinskque des plantes hbtes et la mobilitC des stades consommateurs de l'insecte sont des facteurs dttenninants de 1'Cvolution de 1'Cventail d'hbtes chez T. virgata. Ces expkriences ont Ct C rCpCtCes au cours d'une pCriode de 3 ans pendant lesquelles les rejetons des survivants de l'annCe prCcCdente ont Ct C utilisCs au cours de la 2" et de la 3" annCes. Durant ce temps, les insectes ont subi une "adaptation en laboratoire" et ont accept6 de nouvelles plantes hbtes et y ont meme amCliorC leur performance.[Traduit par la RCdaction]

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Incorporation of a European Weed Into the Diet of a North American Herbivore

Cited by 127 publications

References 39 publications

Differences in Tolerance to Host Cactus Alkaloids in Drosophila koepferae and D. buzzatii

Differences in Tolerance to Host Cactus Alkaloids in Drosophila koepferae and D. buzzatii

Early Stage of Host Range Expansion by a Specialist Herbivore, Euphydryas Phaeton (Nymphalidae)

PERFORMANCE OF TRIRHABDA VIRGATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON THREE POTENTIAL HOSTS

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