Incorporation of CO2 and introduced organic compounds by bacterial populations in groundwater from the deep crystalline bedrock of the Stripa mine

Pedersen, Karsten; Ekendahl, Susanne

doi:10.1099/00221287-138-2-369

Cited by 53 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the detailed site investigations, which will commence when SKB is licensed by authorities to construct the repository, more groundwater investigations will be performed. In addition, the presence and activity of microorganisms on fracture surfaces was long ago identified as meriting investigation (Pedersen & Ekendahl,,b ). Methods for sampling and analysing fracture surface microbiology in drill cores are currently being developed and tested on samples from the Äspö HRL and Forsmark, and the first results from Äspö HRL were recently published (Jägevall et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture-dependent comparison of microbial diversity in deep granitic groundwater from two sites considered for a Swedish final repository of spent nuclear fuel

Hallbeck¹,

Pedersen²

2012

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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Site selection for a spent nuclear fuel (SNF) repository required analysis of microbial abundance and diversity at two Swedish sites, Forsmark and Laxemar-Simpevarp. Information about sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was required, as sulphide could corrode copper SNF canisters. Total number of cells (TNC) and ATP were analysed, and plate counts and most probable number (MPN) analyses were conducted using eight media based on different electron donors and acceptors for specific microorganism physiological groups. Groundwater chemical composition and E(h) were analysed; sampling depths were 112-978 m below sea level. TNC was 5.5 × 10(3) to 4.7 × 10(5) cells mL(-1), correlating with ATP concentrations. Culturability in TNC percentage was 0.01-35.9, averaging 5.12. Culturable numbers varied greatly between sample positions and uncorrelated with depth. SRB were found in 29 samples and were below detection in three; the MPN of SRB correlated negatively with E(h), as did the MPN of acetogens. Data indicated that microbial sulphate reduction was ongoing in many sampled aquifers; published stable isotope data and modelling results supported this observation. The sites did not differ significantly, but the large data range suggested that analysis of more samples would enable detailed evaluation of microbial processes and their relationship with geochemical information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture-dependent comparison of microbial diversity in deep granitic groundwater from two sites considered for a Swedish final repository of spent nuclear fuel

Hallbeck¹,

Pedersen²

2012

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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“…Three different radioactive tracers were used to estimate the production in different components of the microbial samples: 14 C]-bicarbonate measures the rates of autotrophy in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems (e.g., Wetzel & Likens, 1991;Pederson & Ekendahl, 1992). Assessing the rates of heterotrophic activity is also crucial to understanding the energetics of the system, and specifically how much carbon could be cycled through a 'microbial loop' before being utilized by higher trophic levels (e.g., Pimm, 1988;Lampert & Sømmer, 1997;Chesson et al, 2002;Naeem, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity-diversity relationships from chemolithoautotrophically based sulfidic karst systems

Porter¹,

Engel²,

Kane³

et al. 2009

IJS

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“…The deepest sample site (970-1240 m) had 10 5 cells mL −1 , which was 10 to 100 more than what was observed in the more shallow sites of the borehole [24]. Working in mines in the absence of a URL certainly offers a good window into the deep biosphere, but it comes with many issues about contamination and questions regarding the influence from mining on the groundwater environment.…”

Section: Granitesmentioning

confidence: 95%

3. Microbial life in terrestrial hard rock environments

Pedersen¹

2014

Microbial Life of the Deep Biosphere

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Karsten Pedersen Microbial life in terrestrial hard rock environments Hard rock aquifers from the perspective of microorganismsRock is commonly classified as igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic. Igneous and metamorphic rocks are hard and have all passed through a period with high pressure and temperatures that were too high for microbial life (> 150°C). When they cooled down after formation, these rocks were sterile and too compact to allow microbes to enter into the solid rocks. Over geological time, new hard rocks grew old and tectonic processes and glaciations generated fractured networks with room for intruding groundwater. Microbial life followed the groundwater into all rocks that had cooled below the temperature limit for life.The aperture of groundwater-conducting fractures can be anything from very tiny in the micrometer range up to crush zones in faults that may transport large quantities of groundwater ( Fig. 3.1). Over geological times, fracture surfaces in hard rocks will slowly get new properties because the bare rock surfaces will be altered by mineral dissolution and precipitation processes. Particles such as clay can migrate into the fractures and build clay deposits and eventually, open fractures may be closed by precipitation, e.g. by calcite. Therefore, from the perspective of a microorganism, the environment in a water-conducing fracture that has stood open for a long time can appear very different compared to a new fracture in the host rock. Not only geochemical processes will alter the character of the fracture environment, microbial processes will also influence. Respiration of dissolved O 2 in re-charging water will soon make groundwater anaerobic. Oxidation of organic carbon to carbon dioxide may lead to calcite precipitation, iron(III) and manganese(IV) respiration will dissolve the solid oxides to dissolved ions, and sulfate respiration generates sulfide that may precipitate with metal ions. Most dissimilatory microbial processes in systems isolated from an oxygenic atmosphere have that in common that they decrease the redox potential (E ℎ ) of the system which have implications for many E ℎ sensitive geochemical reactions.The groundwater composition and the microbial diversity in various aquifers can be very different also in cases when they are separated only by a couple of cm of rock. It is all about the origin and mixing of the groundwater in each and every aquifer that determines the groundwater properties. At various points in a rock mass, aquifers will connect, and each such connection point will potentially offer gradient conditions that microorganisms can utilize. One example can be if a groundwater that is poor in electron acceptors but rich in electron donors mixes with an acceptor-rich but donor-poor groundwater. Over a very short distance, the conditions for microbial activity will change from bad to good and these conditions will follow downstream the Brought to you by | Stockholms Universitet Authenticated Download Date | 8/25/15 7:02 AM

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Incorporation of CO2 and introduced organic compounds by bacterial populations in groundwater from the deep crystalline bedrock of the Stripa mine

Cited by 53 publications

References 24 publications

Culture-dependent comparison of microbial diversity in deep granitic groundwater from two sites considered for a Swedish final repository of spent nuclear fuel

Culture-dependent comparison of microbial diversity in deep granitic groundwater from two sites considered for a Swedish final repository of spent nuclear fuel

Productivity-diversity relationships from chemolithoautotrophically based sulfidic karst systems

3. Microbial life in terrestrial hard rock environments

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