Incorporation of Nucleosides and Amino-acids in Human Erythrocyte Suspensions: Possible Relation with a Diffuse Infection of Mycoplasms or Bacteria in the L Form

Tedeschi, G; Amici, Domenico; Paparelli, M

doi:10.1038/2221285a0

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…The recent finding of bacterial 16S rDNA in the blood of healthy human subjects by Nikkari et al (14) adds credibility to our findings. Using contemporary molecular biology techniques, we have demonstrated the presence of discrete bacteria in the serum of healthy human subjects that share morphological similarity to those documented by Tedeshi et al (16). Our findings are that there are pleomorphic bacteria in the blood of healthy humans.…”

Section: Vol 40 2002 Notes 4773supporting

confidence: 83%

“…G. Tedeshi et al at the University of Camerino in Italy had reported the presence of similar bacteria as intraerythrocytic parasites of clinically healthy human subjects in 1969 in the journal Nature (16). They showed that red blood cells increased the uptake or incorporation of radioactive thymine, uridine, and glycine because of the presence of these bacteria.…”

Section: Vol 40 2002 Notes 4773mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are There Naturally Occurring Pleomorphic Bacteria in the Blood of Healthy Humans?

et al. 2002

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Dark-field microscopy of blood from healthy individuals revealed the existence of pleomorphic microorganisms. These bacteria exhibited limited growth and susceptibility to antibiotics and could be detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization and flow cytometry. They were further characterized by analysis of their 16S rRNA and gyrB genes.In our search for spirochetes involved in Alzheimer's disease (13), we observed pleomorphic bacteria in the blood of healthy human subjects by dark-field microscopy. This was a surprising finding since it is generally acknowledged that the bloodstream in healthy humans is a sterile environment (7) except when there is a breach in the integrity of the tissue membranes (6). However, the concept of the occurrence of bacteria in the blood of healthy humans is now more plausible because of cultivation-independent laboratory approaches. The main techniques employed in such studies include PCR amplification and sequencing of the16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). These methods have revealed the presence of a wide diversity of microorganisms in the environment, and indeed within the human body (12). In this report we present evidence based on molecular phylogenetic techniques and light and electron microscopy, as well as other conventional microbiological methods, for the existence of a population of bacteria in healthy human blood. In view of the apparent controversial nature of our findings, it was encouraging to note the recent report of Nikkari et al. (14), who detected blood-associated bacterial rDNA sequences by using real-time PCR methods and a probe targeting conserved regions of bacterial 16S rDNA, and an earlier report by Tedeshi et al. (16) on the presence of pleomorphic bacteria as intraerythrocytic parasites in clinically healthy human subjects.For light microscopic examination, blood samples from 25 healthy volunteers were drawn in a Vacutainer tube with no anticoagulants (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, N.J.); blood was drawn in the conventional manner involving antisepsis of the skin and avoidance of any introduction of external microorganisms by contamination. (Since external contamination was always a possibility, particular care and precaution were exercised at all times to avoid this. The specific procedures, as well as appropriate controls, are specified throughout the text.) A wet mount of the serum from the clotted blood of each sample, fresh or incubated at 30°C for between 5 to 7 days, was examined by dark-field microscopy (Leitz Dialux 20) for pleomorphic bacteria.For PCR amplification, a 0.5-ml aliquot of incubated blood containing pleomorphic bacteria was used for conventional extraction of DNA by the method of Higuchi (11). Three microliters of the extract was used for DNA amplification by the method of Edwards et al. (8) using the forward primer BSF8/20 (5Ј-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3Ј) and the reverse primer BSR1541/20 (5Ј-AAGGAGGTGATCCAGCCGCA-3Ј). Thirty cycles of PCR were performed, with 1 cycle consisting of the following steps: (i) denaturation (1 min at 94°C), (i...

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Section: Vol 40 2002 Notes 4773supporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Vol 40 2002 Notes 4773mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are There Naturally Occurring Pleomorphic Bacteria in the Blood of Healthy Humans?

et al. 2002

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“…Turner, who worked with pure cultures, have been observed on erthrocytes I Amici, Murri, and Paparelli (1967), whc the small, stalked bulbs developed fr bodies with the cell (Fig. 17), and by Villi who described both the filaments and microbial forms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological appearances of a bacterial L-form growing in association with the erythrocytes of arthritic subjects.

Pease¹

1970

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

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“…attributed to the metabolic activity of mycoplasma or bacterial L-forms [4]. In 1977, Domingue and Schlegel identified in 7% of the blood specimens from supposedly healthy individuals novel bacterial structures [5].…”

Section: Tedeschi Et Al Reported On Incorporation Of Nucleosides In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indirect evidences for existence of bacteria residing in erythrocytes have been predicted in the past by radiometric methods [4]. In 1969…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Isolation and Characteristics of the Blood Microbiome of Healthy Individuals

Panaiotov¹,

Filevski²,

Equestre³

et al. 2018

AiM

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Background: On the analogy of the non-pathogenic microbiota found in oral cavity, skin and gastrointestinal tract, existence of blood microbiota was confirmed by DNA sequencing, but never deeply characterized. Hypothesis for the existence of dormant blood microbiota in healthy humans have been arisen and single species have been isolated. The aim of our study was to resuscitate and investigate the biodiversity of bacterial and fungal dormant blood microbiota in healthy individuals by blood culturing and NGS DNA sequencing. Results: Twenty eight blood samples of healthy individuals, seven for each blood type, were studied. Several culture media were tested. Blood microbiota resuscitation was performed in BHI broth supplemented with vitamin K 1 mg/ml, 2% sucrose, 0.25% sodium citrate and 0.2% yeastolate at 43˚C for 72 h. All tested blood samples were culture positive, as confirmed by Gram staining and TEM. TEM images demonstrated well defined cell structures. Analysis for bacterial and eukaryotic species was performed by 16S rRNA and ITS2 targeted sequencing. The obtained sequences were clustered (≥97% identity) in Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). Among cultured and uncultured samples we identified OTUs similarity with 47 bacterial orders belonging to 15 phyla and 39 fungi orders blonging to 2 phyla. For the first time we demonstrated isolation and sequencing identification of fungal blood microbiota in healthy individuals. Blood-group differences were identified among the bacterial microbiome compositions. Conclusion: The dormant blood microbiome is innate of the healthy individuals. Interventional strategies to bind the host blood microbiome with the states of health and disease remain an unmet research goal.

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Incorporation of Nucleosides and Amino-acids in Human Erythrocyte Suspensions: Possible Relation with a Diffuse Infection of Mycoplasms or Bacteria in the L Form

Cited by 32 publications

References 4 publications

Are There Naturally Occurring Pleomorphic Bacteria in the Blood of Healthy Humans?

Are There Naturally Occurring Pleomorphic Bacteria in the Blood of Healthy Humans?

Morphological appearances of a bacterial L-form growing in association with the erythrocytes of arthritic subjects.

Cultural Isolation and Characteristics of the Blood Microbiome of Healthy Individuals

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