Incorporation of Y2O3 Particles into 410L Stainless Steel by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Abstract

Addition of yttria to steels has been proposed for the fabrication of oxide-dispersion-strengthened materials for nuclear power applications. We have investigated materials prepared from 12 Cr martensitic stainless steel, AISI 410L, produced by powder metallurgy. Materials were produced with and without yttria addition, and two different sizes of yttria were used, 0.9 lm and 50 nm. Tensile and mini-creep tests were performed to determine mechanical properties. Optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, and EDX analysis were used to investigate the microstructures and deformation mechanisms and to obtain information about nonmetallic inclusion particles. SiO 2 , MnS, and Y 2 Si 2 O 7 inclusion particles were observed. An SiO 2 and Y 2 O 3 interaction was seen to have occurred during the ball milling, which impaired the final mechanical properties. Small-angle neutron scattering experiments showed that the matrix chemistry prevented effective dissolution of the yttria.

STUDI OKSIDASI PADUAN BAJA Fe-Ce-ZrO2 DENGAN METODE SINTESIS HIGH ENERGY MILLING DAN ULTRASONIC MENGGUNAKAN THEROGRAVIMETRI

“…Sehingga berpotensi menjadi kandidat utama untuk material fuel cladding [4,5]. Oksida pada ODS berperan sebagai presipitasi yang menjadi sumber utama penambahan kekuatan di temperatur tinggi pada fasa feritik dan martensit [5,6].…”

“…Fabrikasi ODS banyak menggunakan metode paduan mekanik serbuk (powder mechanical alloying) seperti menggunakan ball mill HEM (High Energy Milling) [6,7]. Metode ini sangat sederhana yakni mencampur paduan dengan menggunakan energi dari reaksi tumbukan antara paduan dan bola-bola milling dalam suatu jar.…”

Effect of Yttrium Contents on the Microstructure of a Hot-Rolled Tantalum-Containing 12Cr-ODS Steel

“…Generally, the nano-sized oxide particles are believed to have a strong strengthening effect on the matrix due to the formation of the Orowan loops (Zhang and Chen, 2006;Wang et al, 2013;Xu et al, 2019). Obviously, the coarse Y 2 O 3 particles have little dispersion strengthening effect to the steel matrix compared to the nano-sized Y-M-O particles, but the thermal stability and anti-neutron radiation performance of the Y-M-O particles is not as good as that of the Y 2 O 3 particles (Zeybek et al, 2014).…”

“…For example, Kimura et al (1999) reported that Y 2 O 3 particles are not only fragmented, but also decomposed during the MA processing. Subsequently, many researchers (Larson et al, 2001;Ukai and Fujiwara, 2002;Miller et al, 2003;Zeybek et al, 2014) found that the added Y 2 O 3 can react with Ti, Si, O, etc. in the steel matrix during the MA processing, and the actual dispersion distribution particles are composite oxide clusters/particles, such as Y-Cr-O (YCrO 3 ), Y-Ti-O (Y 2 Ti 2 O 3 , Y 2 TiO 5 , Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 , etc.…”

“…), and Y-Si-O (Y 2 Si 2 O), rather than Y 2 O 3 . Since the thermal stability of the composite oxide clusters/particles is not as good as that of the Y 2 O 3 particles, resulting in the degradation of the high-temperature performance and the neutron radiation resistance (Zeybek et al, 2014). Therefore, it is worthy to develop new methods for preparing Y 2 O 3 -containing ODS steels, which can avoid the reaction of Y 2 O 3 particles and steel matrix.…”