Increase in bone mass after one year of percutaneous oestradiol and testosterone implants in post‐menopausal women who have previously received long‐term oral oestrogens

Savvas, M.; Studd, J. W. W.; Norman, S. G.; Leather, A. T.; Garnett, T; Fogelman, Ignac

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13879.x

Cited by 64 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is also possible that PBDEs are activated by CYP in peripheral tissues such as adipose or at the estrogen-target tissues (Shimada et al 2003, Yoshinari et al 2006). Others have also seen higher efficacy of sc dosing over po dosing of estrogens, as is the case of the xenoestrogen bisphenol A (Berger et al 2007) and steroidal estrogen (Savvas et al 1992). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Mixture DE-71 Is Mildly Estrogenic

Mercado-Feliciano¹,

Bigsby

2008

Environ Health Perspect

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BackgroundPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely found in the environment, and they may act as endocrine disruptors.ObjectiveOur goal in this study was to test the PBDE mixture DE-71 for estrogenic activity.MethodsWe used proliferation of cultured breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and trophic effects in the reproductive tracts of ovariectomized mice as estrogen bioassays. DE-71 was administered to mice by subcutaneous injection (sc) or oral gavage (po), alone or in combination with estradiol, for 3 or 34 days. Liver weights and cytochrome P450 enzyme activities were also measured.ResultsDE-71 increased MCF-7 cell proliferation, and this was prevented by antiestrogen. DE-71 cotreatment reduced the effect of estradiol in MCF-7 cells. In the mouse 3-day assay, DE-71 administered alone had no effect on uterine weight, uterine epithelial height (UEH), or vaginal epithelial thickness (VET); however, when DE-71 was administered as a cotreatment, it potentiated estradiol’s effect on uterine weight. DE-71 administered sc to BALB/c mice for 34 days slightly increased UEH and VET, and attenuated the estradiol-induced increase in UEH; these effects were not seen in BALB/c mice treated po or in C57BL/6 mice treated sc. DE-71 increased liver weight in BALB/c, C57BL/6, and estrogen receptor-α knockout mice. We also found an increase in liver cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) and CYP2B activities when DE-71 was administered po, but only CYP2B increased after sc treatment.ConclusionDE-71 behaves as a weak estrogen. In mice, the treatment route and duration determined if DE-71 was estrogenic. BALB/c mice are more susceptible to DE-71 effects in estrogen target tissues than C57BL/6 mice. DE-71 increased liver weight independently of estrogen receptor-α.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Mixture DE-71 Is Mildly Estrogenic

Mercado-Feliciano¹,

Bigsby

2008

Environ Health Perspect

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“…The use of T seems to increase even more the bone mineral density in relation to the isolated use of E [28,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Use of Androgens in Postmenopausal Women

Britto

2011

J Endocrinol Metab

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During menopause, women may experience greater loss of bone mineral density, leading to a high risk of fractures. Estradiol has great importance in the maintenance of bone micro architecture and estradiol and testosterone combination have high effectiveness in preventing osteoporosis and fractures in post menopausal women. There is an actual trend of using testosterone combined with estradiol in order to improve the hypo androgen symptoms with an important improvement in the quality of life of these women. The behavior of the lipid profile in women using this combination is not well defined once the results of the studies already made are very controversial. This review article aims at evaluating the studies made in the last years that evaluated the impact of the use of androgens in post menopause women over a bone mineral density and the lipid profile. Searches of articles were made on Pubmed from 1980 to 2011. The searches were made with the use of the keywords 'testosterone' or 'androgens' and 'postmenopausal women' and 'bone density' and 'hormone replacement therapy'. In its second phase the 'testosterone' or 'androgens' and 'postmenopausal women' and 'lipoprotein' and 'hormone replacement'. A total of 67 articles were found. After reading their whole content, 09 original articles were included in this review, prospective that evaluated bone mineral density or the lipid profile in patients using hormone therapy in post menopause. The benefits of the use of androgens have been demonstrated in publications resulting from studies with a reduced number of patients, in non-probabilistic samples, and most of them observational. On the other hand, the results converge towards an improvement of the lipid profile and increase in the bone mineral density in the patients in post menopause. The greater limitation of these results lies on the difficulty on determining the isolated effects of the androgens once the studies showed results obtained through HT with estradiol and androgens. Clinical rehearsals in comparison between the use of isolated estradiol and estardiol + testosterone shall clarify the impact of this combination under the lipid profile and bone protection in postmenopausal patients.

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“…Thus, low levels of oestrogen production, which may be undetectable, may provide some protection against osteopenia. In addition, it is well recognized that ovarian androgens are important for the maintenance of bone density ( Nilas & Christiansen, 1987; Slemenda et al ., 1996 ) and post‐menopausal androgen replacement has been shown to be beneficial in the maintenance of bone mass ( Savvas et al ., 1992 ; Davis et al ., 1995 ). There are few data concerning the androgen‐secreting capacity of the ovary in women with premature ovarian failure but it is possible that this is preserved in some.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone mineral density in women with cytotoxic‐induced ovarian failure

Howell

Berger

Adams

et al. 1998

Clinical Endocrinology

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It is inappropriate to assume that ovarian failure from different aetiologies has a similar deleterious impact on the skeleton. Untreated premature ovarian failure following cytotoxic chemotherapy results in some reduction in bone mineral density, but this is of a minor degree and is less than that observed in other hypo-oestrogenic states. The reason for this is unclear but studies of residual hormone production in the cytotoxic-damaged ovary may provide an answer.

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Increase in bone mass after one year of percutaneous oestradiol and testosterone implants in post‐menopausal women who have previously received long‐term oral oestrogens

Cited by 64 publications

References 17 publications

The Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Mixture DE-71 Is Mildly Estrogenic

The Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Mixture DE-71 Is Mildly Estrogenic

Use of Androgens in Postmenopausal Women

Bone mineral density in women with cytotoxic‐induced ovarian failure

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