Increase in Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> at a Naval Medical Center

Kallen, Alexander J.; Driscoll, T. J.; Thornton, Scott A.; Olson, Patrick E.; Wallace, Mark R.

doi:10.1086/501750

Cited by 51 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…They were once confined largely to hospitals, other health care environments, and patients frequenting these facilities. Since the mid-1990s, however, there has been an explosion in the number of MRSA infections reported for populations lacking risk factors for exposure to the health care system (4,37,105,133,140,153,158,192,237,247,259,284,300,304,306,349,383,393,456,460,654,762,802,816,972,1020,1029). This increase has been associated with the recognition of new MRSA strains, often called community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) strains, that have been responsible for a large proportion of the increased disease burden observed in the last decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic

2010

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SUMMARY Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), endovascular infections, pneumonia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, foreign-body infections, and sepsis. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were once confined largely to hospitals, other health care environments, and patients frequenting these facilities. Since the mid-1990s, however, there has been an explosion in the number of MRSA infections reported in populations lacking risk factors for exposure to the health care system. This increase in the incidence of MRSA infection has been associated with the recognition of new MRSA clones known as community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). CA-MRSA strains differ from the older, health care-associated MRSA strains; they infect a different group of patients, they cause different clinical syndromes, they differ in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, they spread rapidly among healthy people in the community, and they frequently cause infections in health care environments as well. This review details what is known about the epidemiology of CA-MRSA strains and the clinical spectrum of infectious syndromes associated with them that ranges from a commensal state to severe, overwhelming infection. It also addresses the therapy of these infections and strategies for their prevention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic

2010

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“…Furthermore, such infections occur predominantly among persons without any known risk factors for acquisition of the infection. 9,[12][13][14] The reasons for the variability in human susceptibility to S. aureus are still unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

Immunological Mechanisms Underlying the Genetic Predisposition to Severe Staphylococcus aureus Infection in the Mouse Model

Köckritz-Blickwede

Rohde

Oehmcke

et al. 2008

The American Journal of Pathology

122

130

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Host genetic variations play a significant role in conferring predisposition to infection. In this study, we examined the immune mechanisms underlying the host genetic predisposition to severe Staphylococcus aureus infection in different mouse strains. Whereas C57BL/6 mice were the most resistant in terms of control of bacterial growth and survival, A/J, DBA/2, and BALB/c mice were highly susceptible and succumbed to infection shortly after bacterial inoculation. Other strains (C3H/HeN, CBA, and C57BL/10) exhibited intermediate susceptibility levels. Susceptibility of mice to S. aureus was associated with an inability to limit bacterial growth in the kidneys and development of pathology. Resistance to S. aureus in C57BL/6 mice was dependent on innate immune mechanisms because Rag2-IL2R␥ ؊/؊ C57BL/6 mice, which are deficient in B, T, and NK cells, were also resistant to infection. Indeed, neutrophil depletion or inhibition of neutrophil recruitment rendered C57BL/6 mice completely susceptible to S. aureus, indicating that neutrophils are essential for the observed resistance. Although neutrophil function is not inhibited in A/J mice, expression of neutrophil chemoattractants KC and MIP-2 peaked earlier in the kidneys of C57BL/6 mice than in A/J mice, indicating that a delay in neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection may underlie the increased susceptibility of A/J mice to S.

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“…Recent reports indicate that the prevalence of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections is increasing (1,4,14,17,18,22,26), but even more concerning are the recent, numerous CA-MRSA outbreaks in groups of young, healthy individuals with no direct ties to health care facilities and none of the typical risk factors for infection (6-10, 15, 16, 20, 24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in an Outbreak of Disease among Military Trainees in San Diego, California, in 2002

Campbell¹,

Vaughn

Russell³

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

147

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Increase in Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a Naval Medical Center

Cited by 51 publications

References 6 publications

Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic

Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic

Immunological Mechanisms Underlying the Genetic Predisposition to Severe Staphylococcus aureus Infection in the Mouse Model

Risk Factors for Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in an Outbreak of Disease among Military Trainees in San Diego, California, in 2002

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