Increase in gut permeability and oxidized ldl is associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2

Mouchati, Christian; Durieux, Jared; Zisis, Sokratis N; Labbato, Danielle; Rodgers, Michael A; Ailstock, Kate; Reinert, Brian L.; Funderburg, Nicholas T.; McComsey, Grace A.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182544

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Only hs-CRP was associated with changes in total and trunk fat, a finding known to occur in the general population outside of COVID-19 infection. It is notable that our finding of increased oxLDL in COVID-19 survivors align with previous research [33,34], highlighting a correlation between this marker and COVID-19 infection, in particular in individuals who develop PASC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Long-Term Effect of COVID-19 Infection on Body Composition

Atieh,

Durieux,

Baissary

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: The effect of COVID-19 infection, versus the indirect effect of the pandemic on body composition remains unclear. This study investigates long-term changes in body composition in COVID–19 survivors compared to a contemporary control group. Method: This is a prospective study involving adults who had a pre-pandemic whole-body DXA scan (DXA#1) performed between 2017 and 2019. Participants were asked to return for a repeat whole-body DXA scan (DXA#2) after the pandemic. Detailed data were collected including medical and COVID history. Inflammation markers and fasting lipids were measured. For those participants who had a COVID-19 infection between the 2 DXAs, DXA#2 was acquired at least one year after COVID-19 infection. Results: Overall, 160 adults were enrolled; 32.5% females, 51.8% non-white, with mean age of 43.2 years. Half (n=80) of the participants had documented COVID infection between their 2 DXA scans (COVID+ group), and the other half never had COVID. COVID-negative participants had an increase in annualized trunk fat (g) [922.5 vs. 159.7; P=0.01], total fat (g) [1564.3 vs. 199.9; P=0.2], and LBM (g) [974.9 vs. -64.5; P=0.0002], when compared to COVID+ group. However, among the COVID+ group, no differences were seen in annualized trunk fat, total fat mass, or LBM between those with PASC and without (p>0.05). Conclusion: During the pandemic, both COVID-19-survivors and COVID-negative groups exhibited increases in weight, and total and trunk fat, likely associated with pandemic-linked lifestyle modifications. However, only COVID-19-survivors had a decline in lean body mass over the same period, regardless of PASC symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Long-Term Effect of COVID-19 Infection on Body Composition

Atieh,

Durieux,

Baissary

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Contradicting evidence suggest that in COVID-19 patients, during early recovery, higher levels of Ox-LDL are likely to be observed 31 . However, these studies did not account for other risk factors of atherosclerosis and those which dysregulate lipid metabolism, including diabetes mellitus and hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Role of NK Cells and Monocytes in Promoting Atherogenesis in Severe COVID-19 Patients

Gunasena,

Alles,

Wijewantha

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Clinical data demonstrate an increased predisposition to cardiovascular disease (CVD) following severe COVID-19 infection. This may be driven by a dysregulated immune response associated with severe disease. Monocytes and vascular tissue resident macrophages play a critical role in atherosclerosis, the main pathology leading to ischemic CVD. Natural killer (NK) cells are a heterogenous group of cells that are critical during viral pathogenesis and are known to be dysregulated during severe COVID-19 infection. Their role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has recently been described. However, the contribution of their altered phenotypes to atherogenesis following severe COVID-19 infection is unknown. We demonstrate for the first time that during and after severe COVID-19, circulating proinflammatory monocytes and activated NK cells act synergistically to increase uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) into vascular tissue with subsequent foam cell generation leading to atherogenesis despite recovery from acute infection. Our data provide new insights, revealing the roles of monocytes/macrophages, and NK cells in COVID-19-related atherogenesis.

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“…The relationship between Long COVID and inflammation has been evaluated in recent studies. Disruption of the gut-lung axis, an established indicator of illness severity in other respiratory conditions, may play a role [112]. Direct or indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the GI tract can cause breakdowns in the integrity of the gut barrier, allowing gut bacteria and their products to translocate across the gut epithelium and escalating early systemic inflammation [112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121].…”

Section: Gastroenterological Involvement In Long Covidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute COVID-19 has also been linked to elevated plasma levels of zonulin, a measure of tight junction permeability that promotes microbial translocation and inflammation [112]. There have also been reports of persistent shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in the feces and the existence of the virions in intestinal cells (enterocytes) [102,114,115].…”

Section: Gastroenterological Involvement In Long Covidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multisystem Impact of Long COVID: A Comprehensive Review

Negrut,

Menegas,

Kampioti

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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(1) Background: COVID-19 was responsible for the latest pandemic, shaking and reshaping healthcare systems worldwide. Its late clinical manifestations make it linger in medical memory as a debilitating illness over extended periods. (2) Methods: the recent literature was systematically analyzed to categorize and examine the symptomatology and pathophysiology of Long COVID across various bodily systems, including pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neuropsychiatric, dermatological, renal, hematological, and endocrinological aspects. (3) Results: The review outlines the diverse clinical manifestations of Long COVID across multiple systems, emphasizing its complexity and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Factors such as pre-existing conditions, initial COVID-19 severity, vaccination status, gender, and age were identified as influential in the manifestation and persistence of Long COVID symptoms. This condition is highlighted as a debilitating disease capable of enduring over an extended period and presenting new symptoms over time. (4) Conclusions: Long COVID emerges as a condition with intricate multi-systemic involvement, complicating its diagnosis and treatment. The findings underscore the necessity for a nuanced understanding of its diverse manifestations to effectively manage and address the evolving nature of this condition over time.

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Increase in gut permeability and oxidized ldl is associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

The Long-Term Effect of COVID-19 Infection on Body Composition

The Long-Term Effect of COVID-19 Infection on Body Composition

Synergistic Role of NK Cells and Monocytes in Promoting Atherogenesis in Severe COVID-19 Patients

The Multisystem Impact of Long COVID: A Comprehensive Review

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