Increase in Hospital-Acquired Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Infection and Colonization in an Acute Care Hospital During a Surge in COVID-19 Admissions — New Jersey, February–July 2020

Perez, Stephen; Innes, Gabriel K.; Walters, Maroya Spalding; Mehr, Jason; Arias, Julio Sanjuán; Greeley, Rebecca; Chew, Debra

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6948e1

Cited by 192 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…CRAB outbreaks in COVID-19 patients seem to be effectively treated with a pre-optimized two-phage cocktail [202]. This finding is important, because OXA-23 CRAB infections have become a serious threat against SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in ICUs [203].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 and Resistant A Baumannii Coinfectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acinetobacter baumannii Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms

et al. 2021

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Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative ESKAPE microorganism that poses a threat to public health by causing severe and invasive (mostly nosocomial) infections linked with high mortality rates. During the last years, this pathogen displayed multidrug resistance (MDR), mainly due to extensive antibiotic abuse and poor stewardship. MDR isolates are associated with medical history of long hospitalization stays, presence of catheters, and mechanical ventilation, while immunocompromised and severely ill hosts predispose to invasive infections. Next-generation sequencing techniques have revolutionized diagnosis of severe A. baumannii infections, contributing to timely diagnosis and personalized therapeutic regimens according to the identification of the respective resistance genes. The aim of this review is to describe in detail all current knowledge on the genetic background of A. baumannii resistance mechanisms in humans as regards beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, and beta-lactamase inhibitors), aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin antibiotics, polymyxins, and others (amphenicols, oxazolidinones, rifamycins, fosfomycin, diaminopyrimidines, sulfonamides, glycopeptide, and lipopeptide antibiotics). Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance refer mainly to regulation of antibiotic transportation through bacterial membranes, alteration of the antibiotic target site, and enzymatic modifications resulting in antibiotic neutralization. Virulence factors that may affect antibiotic susceptibility profiles and confer drug resistance are also being discussed. Reports from cases of A. baumannii coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of resistance profiles and MDR genes have been investigated.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 and Resistant A Baumannii Coinfectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acinetobacter baumannii Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms

et al. 2021

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“…Moreover, patients with COVID-19 may require multiple courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics, mechanical ventilation, other organ support, and/or other invasive devices. This increases exposure to, and risk of, infections with hospital-associated pathogens that are often highly resistant such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), P. aeruginosa, Candida auris, and Acinetobacter baumannii ( Chowdhary et al, 2020 ; Perez et al, 2020 ; Punjabi et al, 2020 ). Early anecdotal evidence from two acute care facilities in New York and Missouri reported three- to fourfold increases in central line-associated bloodstream infection rates, likely related to a shift towards a higher risk case-mix ( McMullen et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Covid-19 Impact On Amrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance and COVID-19: Intersections and implications

Knight

Glover

McQuaid

et al. 2021

eLife

259

212

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Before the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was among the top priorities for global public health. Already a complex challenge, AMR now needs to be addressed in a changing healthcare landscape. Here, we analyse how changes due to COVID-19 in terms of antimicrobial usage, infection prevention, and health systems affect the emergence, transmission, and burden of AMR. Increased hand hygiene, decreased international travel, and decreased elective hospital procedures may reduce AMR pathogen selection and spread in the short term. However, the opposite effects may be seen if antibiotics are more widely used as standard healthcare pathways break down. Over 6 months into the COVID-19 pandemic, the dynamics of AMR remain uncertain. We call for the AMR community to keep a global perspective while designing finely tuned surveillance and research to continue to improve our preparedness and response to these intersecting public health challenges.

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“…In a recent article [ 51 ] a multivariate analysis showed that low oxygenation index and A. baumannii infection were risk factors for prognosis of severe influenza. Furthermore, the novel Coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2 responsible for Covid-19, seems to be associated with secondary bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract of patients, more frequently due to A. baumannii , in particular MDR carbapemen-resistant strains [ 52 , 53 , 54 ]. These new findings highlight the concern of superinfection in patients affected by important viral infections and, consequently, this underlines the importance to limit the risk of infection and the spread of MDR strains overall in ICUs.…”

Section: A Baumannii In Human Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Acinetobacter baumannii: Its Clinical Significance in Human and Veterinary Medicine

2021

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Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen, causing severe infections difficult to treat. The A. baumannii infection rate has increased year by year in human medicine and it is also considered as a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. This bacterium, also well known for its ability to form biofilms, has a strong environmental adaptability and the characteristics of multi-drug resistance. Indeed, strains showing fully resistant profiles represent a worrisome problem in clinical therapeutic treatment. Furthermore, A. baumannii-associated veterinary nosocomial infections has been reported in recent literature. Particularly, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii can be considered an emerging opportunistic pathogen in human medicine as well as in veterinary medicine.

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Increase in Hospital-Acquired Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection and Colonization in an Acute Care Hospital During a Surge in COVID-19 Admissions — New Jersey, February–July 2020

Cited by 192 publications

References 8 publications

Acinetobacter baumannii Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms

Acinetobacter baumannii Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms

Antimicrobial resistance and COVID-19: Intersections and implications

Acinetobacter baumannii: Its Clinical Significance in Human and Veterinary Medicine

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