Increase in Resistance to Ceftriaxone and Nonsusceptibility to Ciprofloxacin and Decrease in Multidrug Resistance Among<i>Salmonella</i>Strains, United States, 1996–2009

Medalla, Felicita; Hoekstra, Robert M.; Whichard, Jean M.; Barzilay, Ezra J.; Chiller, Tom; Joyce, Kevin; Rickert, Regan; Krueger, Amy; Stuart, Andrew M.; Griffin, Patricia M.

doi:10.1089/fpd.2012.1336

Cited by 59 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The typical S. Typhimurium DT104 exhibits the ampicillin-chloramphenicol-streptomycin-sulfamethoxazole-tetracycline resistance pattern. Medalla et al (26) reported a significant decline in MDR among NARMS human Salmonella isolates between 1996 and 2009, driven mainly by decreased MDR among S. Typhimurium. Our study is limited by its reliance on preexisting culture collections, which resulted in a nonrandom sample and an uneven temporal distribution of isolates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella in the United States from 1948 to 1995

Tadesse

Singh

Zhao

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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dWe conducted a retrospective study of 2,149 clinical Salmonella strains to help document the historical emergence of antimicrobial resistance. There were significant increases in resistance to older drugs, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, which were most common in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. An increase in multidrug resistance was observed for each decade since the 1950s. These data help show how Salmonella evolved over the past 6 decades, after the introduction of new antimicrobial agents.

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confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella in the United States from 1948 to 1995

Tadesse

Singh

Zhao

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…NARMS monitors resistance among enteric bacteria isolated from humans, retail meat, and food animals ( 8 , 9 ). Public health laboratories of 50 state and 4 local health departments submit a subset (every 20th) of Salmonella isolates that they receive from clinical laboratories to the CDC NARMS for susceptibility testing ( 8 , 9 ). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) monitors resistance among salmonellae by testing samples of isolates from ill persons and determining the percentage of isolates that display resistance ( 8 , 9 ). For extrapolation from resistance percentages to incidence of resistant infections, the incidence of Salmonella infections must be known.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Estimated Incidence of Antimicrobial Drug–Resistant NontyphoidalSalmonellaInfections, United States, 2004–2012

Medalla¹,

Gu²,

Mahon³

et al. 2016

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Salmonella infections are a major cause of illness in the United States. The antimicrobial agents used to treat severe infections include ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin. Antimicrobial drug resistance has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. To estimate the incidence of resistant culture-confirmed nontyphoidal Salmonella infections, we used Bayesian hierarchical models of 2004–2012 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System and Laboratory-based Enteric Disease Surveillance. We based 3 mutually exclusive resistance categories on susceptibility testing: ceftriaxone and ampicillin resistant, ciprofloxacin nonsusceptible but ceftriaxone susceptible, and ampicillin resistant but ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin susceptible. We estimated the overall incidence of resistant infections as 1.07/100,000 person-years for ampicillin-only resistance, 0.51/100,000 person-years for ceftriaxone and ampicillin resistance, and 0.35/100,000 person-years for ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibility, or ≈6,200 resistant culture-confirmed infections annually. These national estimates help define the magnitude of the resistance problem so that control measures can be appropriately targeted.

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“…include ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin. 4,5 We document a case of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella group B due to the consumption of water and unwashed vegetables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%