Increase in the timing coincidence of a respiration event induced by listening repeatedly to the same music track

Abstract

Listening to a piece of music evokes many physiological responses including changes in respiration. The present study shows that respiration is entrained to the musical timing by comparing the changes in respiration timing and respiration period along gaining in listening experience. Participants listened to the same track once a day for 10 days. The distribution of the timings of respiration on the music track was calculated using kernel density estimation, and probability of the coincidence was evaluated statistically using surrogate data. The results show that participants unconsciously changed their respiration timing to coincide with the music track as they gain experience in listening. On the other hand, respiration period did not change.

A Noninvasive Method for Monitoring Breathing Patterns in Nonhuman Primates Using a Nasal Thermosensor

“…Respiration has a strong link with the internal state, such as cognitive and emotional processing. In humans, the respiration frequency changes depending on the tempo of the music regardless of the habituation, i.e., it increases with fast tempo and decreases with slow tempo ( Haas et al, 1986 ; Bernardi et al, 2006 ; Gomez and Danuser, 2007 ; Salimpoor et al, 2009 ; but see Sato et al, 2012 ). This suggests that faster rhythms may concentrate the attention and pauses or slower rhythms may induce relaxation.…”

Development of a Cushion-Shaped Device to Induce Respiratory Rhythm and Depth for Enhanced Relaxation and Improved Cognition

“…Concerning external factors, the pace of respiration is influenced by music (Sato et al, 2012) and other vibratory stimuli (Sato et al, 2015). Moreover, the entrainment effect in communication, as described in the previous section, also impacts the pace of breathing.…”

“…Studies on radiation-therapy have introduced respirationcoaching devices (George et al, 2006;Neicu et al, 2006;Park et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2018) that employ visual and audio cues; audio cues lead to a period of more stable respiration than visual cues (Kini et al, 2003). However, it is difficult to achieve stable control of respiration with music due to differences in the abilities of experienced and inexperienced musicians to induce respiratory control and variations in the effects experienced by different people even while listening to the same music (Sato et al, 2012).…”