Increase of Grain Yields by Manipulating Starch Biosynthesis

Çakır, Barış; Tuncel, Aytuğ; Hwang, Seon‐Kap; Okita, Thomas W.

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55495-0_11

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…These results are at odds with the widespread expectation that high AGPase activity in the endosperm leads to high starch content and hence high grain weight (discussed in Tuncel and Okita, 2013 ; Cakir et al , 2015 ), and with previous research that supports this expectation. For example, transgenic wheat with elevated AGPase activity in the grain has higher final grain weight than untransformed controls ( Kang et al , 2013 a ), and polymorphisms in genes encoding the subunits of AGPase have been associated with variation in final grain weight in two different panels of wheat genotypes ( Rose et al , 2016 ; Hou et al , 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Final grain weight is not limited by the activity of key starch-synthesising enzymes during grain filling in wheat

Fahy

Siddiqui

David

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Final grain weight is not limited by the activity of key starch-synthesising enzymes during grain filling in wheat

Fahy

Siddiqui

David

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…Starch biocomposites are versatile materials that have drawn wide research interest as coatings and excipients for pharmaceuticals, food, and industrial chemicals. Starch is an abundant natural biomaterial that serves as a key source of chemical energy storage for plants . It contains two main polyglucans; amylose (20–30%) is a linear form of starch containing d -glucose units with α-1,4 glycosidic linkages, while amylopectin (70–80%) is a branched starch that contains α-1,4 and α-1,6 glycosidic linkages .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant Surface-Patterned Starch Particles for Adsorption-Based Applications: The Role of Sabatier’s Principle

Karoyo

Dehabadi

Yang

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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This study reports on the structural characterization and physicochemical properties of surface modified starch particles (SPs). The surface of the SPs was patterned via controlled deposition of cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) at the solid−solution interface with incremental CPB loadings, denoted as SP-CPBX, where X = 0.5, 2.5, or 5.0 mM CPB. The surface-patterned SPs were characterized by several complementary methods: spectroscopic (NMR, FT-IR, Raman, and SEM), thermoanalytical (DSC and TGA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), gravimetric-based solvent swelling, zeta-potential (ζ), and particle size distribution (PSD). NMR spectral results reveal that CPB is bound at the starch−solvent interface via the pyridyl headgroup, whereas the tertiary structure of the SPs was maintained over the range of CPB doping, as revealed by SEM and PXRD results. The ζ-value results of the SP-CPBX systems reveal negative ζ-values at the starch surface, where tunable surface properties occur at variable levels of CPB surface patterning, as evidenced by the variable adsorptive affinity with water. Solvent swelling in water for the SP-CPBX systems reveal a dependence of the hydration properties on the level of CPB surface patterning, as highlighted by the unique physicochemical properties for the SP-CPB0.5 system, according to the relative accessibility of the active surface sites. The DSC/TGA and Raman/NMR spectral results of the SP-CPBX systems further support that variable surface coverage of CPB governs the interfacial adsorption of water according to Sabatier's principle. Furthermore, the SP-CPB0.5 system was compared among a variety of common bacterial strains for its antibacterial activity that met or exceeded the activity of SPs imbibed with conventional antibiotic agents. This study highlights that surfactant-modified starch is a sustainable material with unique adsorption properties that are switchable upon surfactant patterning. CPB-coated SPs possess improved antibacterial stability and functional versatility with potential utility as sustainable carrier systems for diverse applications that involve adsorption-based processes.

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“…Unlike other plant tissue, starch biosynthesis in the endosperm storage organ of cereal grains is unique in its dependence on two ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) isoforms Thorbjørnsen et al, 1996;Sikka et al, 2001), a major cytosolic enzyme and a minor plastidial one, to generate ADP-glucose (ADPglc), the sugar nucleotide utilized by starch synthases in the amyloplast (Cakir et al, 2015). The majority of ADPglc in cereal endosperm is generated in the cytosol from AGPase (Tuncel and Okita, 2013) as well as by Suc synthase (Tuncel and Okita, 2013;Bahaji et al, 2014) and subsequently transported into amyloplasts by the BRITTLE-1 (BT1) protein located at the plastid envelope (Cao et al, 1995;Shannon et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the rice ADPglucose transporter (OsBT1) indicates the presence of regulatory processes in the amyloplast stroma that control ADPglucose flux into starch

et al. 2016

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Previous studies showed that efforts to further elevate starch synthesis in rice (Oryza sativa) seeds overproducing ADP-glucose (ADPglc) were prevented by processes downstream of ADPglc synthesis. Here, we identified the major ADPglc transporter by studying the shrunken3 locus of the EM1093 rice line, which harbors a mutation in the BRITTLE1 (BT1) adenylate transporter (OsBt1) gene. Despite containing elevated ADPglc levels (approximately 10-fold) compared with the wild-type, EM1093 grains are small and shriveled due to the reduction in the amounts and size of starch granules. Increases in ADPglc levels in EM1093 were due to their poor uptake of ADP-[ 14 C]glc by amyloplasts. To assess the potential role of BT1 as a rate-determining step in starch biosynthesis, the maize ZmBt1 gene was overexpressed in the wild-type and the GlgC (CS8) transgenic line expressing a bacterial glgC-TM gene. ADPglc transport assays indicated that transgenic lines expressing ZmBT1 alone or combined with GlgC exhibited higher rates of transport (approximately 2-fold), with the GlgC (CS8) and GlgC/ZmBT1 (CS8/AT5) lines showing elevated ADPglc levels in amyloplasts. These increases, however, did not lead to further enhancement in seed weights even when these plant lines were grown under elevated CO 2 . Overall, our results indicate that rice lines with enhanced ADPglc synthesis and import into amyloplasts reveal additional barriers within the stroma that restrict maximum carbon flow into starch.Cereal grains contribute a significant portion of worldwide starch production. Unlike other plant tissue, starch biosynthesis in the endosperm storage organ of cereal grains is unique in its dependence on two ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) isoforms Thorbjørnsen et al., 1996;Sikka et al., 2001), a major cytosolic enzyme and a minor plastidial one, to generate ADP-glucose (ADPglc), the sugar nucleotide utilized by starch synthases in the amyloplast (Cakir et al., 2015). The majority of ADPglc in cereal endosperm is generated in the cytosol from AGPase (Tuncel and Okita, 2013) as well as by Suc synthase (Tuncel and Okita, 2013;Bahaji et al., 2014) and subsequently transported into amyloplasts by the BRITTLE-1 (BT1) protein located at the plastid envelope (Cao et al., 1995;Shannon et al., 1998).The Bt1 gene, first identified in maize (Zea mays; Mangelsdorf, 1926) and isolated by Sullivan et al. (1991), encodes a major amyloplast membrane protein ranging from 39 to 44 kD (Cao et al., 1995). The BT1 protein and its homologs belong to the mitochondrial carrier family (Sullivan et al., 1991;Haferkamp, 2007), which has a diverse range of substrates (Patron et al., 2004;Leroch et al., 2005;Kirchberger et al., 2008). The assignment of BT1 protein as the ADPglc transporter in cereal endosperms was first proposed by Sullivan et al. (1991), and then it was characterized based on the increased ADPglc levels and reduced ADPglc import rate * Address correspondence to okita@wsu.edu and hikaru.satoh.682@ m.kyushu-u.ac.jp.The authors responsible for distribution ...

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Increase of Grain Yields by Manipulating Starch Biosynthesis

Cited by 9 publications

References 118 publications

Final grain weight is not limited by the activity of key starch-synthesising enzymes during grain filling in wheat

Final grain weight is not limited by the activity of key starch-synthesising enzymes during grain filling in wheat

Surfactant Surface-Patterned Starch Particles for Adsorption-Based Applications: The Role of Sabatier’s Principle

Analysis of the rice ADPglucose transporter (OsBT1) indicates the presence of regulatory processes in the amyloplast stroma that control ADPglucose flux into starch

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