test). EA-MoDCs, WS-MoDCs, SR-MoDCs, and MI-MoDCs induced CD4؉ T cell proliferation and a Th1-polarized immune response. The present study provides evidence that, although differences were initially observed between MoDCs exposed to filamentous fungi and MoDCs exposed to bacteria, a Th1 response was ultimately promoted by DCs regardless of the microbial extract tested.