Increase of scabies infestations, Norway, 2006 to 2018

Amato, Ettore; Dansie, Live Storehagen; Grøneng, Gry Marysol; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Bentele, Horst; Veneti, Lamprini; Stefanoff, Paweł; MacDonald, Emily; Blystad, Hans; Soleng, Arnulf

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.23.190020

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In contrast, globally, prevalence is highest in young children, as it was in Germany in the mid-1990s (8). A recent report from Norway highlights that this age shift is observed internationally (9). Increased incidence was reported from Croatia (10), and diagnostic data in the Netherlands since 2012 have shown an incidence increase, including outbreaks not only in care facilities but also among students (E. Fanoy, Public Health Service, Rotterdam-Rijnmond, the Netherlands, pers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reemergence of Scabies Driven by Adolescents and Young Adults, Germany, 2009–2018

Reichert¹,

Schulz²,

Mertens³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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A necdotal evidence from clinicians in Germany suggests an increase in scabies; sales of scabicides by pharmacies in Germany have quadrupled during 2012-2017 (1,2). In addition, clinicians and scientists have raised concerns about resistance to standard treatment (3). In Germany, scabies is not reportable, and no recent national incidence estimates exist.Scabies is diagnosed clinically, but confi rmation through skin scrapings or dermatoscopy is not always performed in Germany (1). The national guideline recommends a single application of permethrin 5% cream for common scabies (4). Ivermectin, licensed in Germany in 2016, is recommended in cases of crusted scabies, immunosuppression, and contraindications for topical treatment (4). A second application is recommended after 7-15 days in outbreaks and patients with crusted scabies, immunosuppression, or persistent infestation. We investigated incidence of scabies in Germany for 2009-2018. The StudyWe analyzed claims data of outpatients insured by German statutory health insurance (SHI) funds, which applies to ≈90% of the population of Germany (5). Information on all ambulatory consultations and fi lled prescriptions of SHI-covered patients are gathered and stored up to 10 years for the SHI Physicians' Association by the Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care.We defi ned a case as any patient consultation during 2009-2018 marked with code B86, "scabies," from the International Classifi cation of Diseases (ICD), 10th Revision. We counted patients with repeat consultations only once per year. We excluded cases with missing or implausible age or sex information. We extracted, aggregated, and analyzed time of diagnosis, age, sex, and area of residence. We calculated incidence as number of cases per 100,000 SHI members per year. We also analyzed prescribing data for allethrin, benzyl benzoate, crotamiton, ivermectin, lindane, and permethrin linked to cases. We assumed treatment failure and defi ned repeated prescriptions if a patient received prescriptions for 2 scabicides within a year >28 days apart, regardless of substance (6). Use of claims data is regulated by the Code of Social Law (Sozialgesetzbuch) in Germany; ethics approval and informed consent are not required.In 2009, German SHI funds had 70,011,508 members, and scabies was diagnosed 42,585 times in physician practices, out-of-hours services, and hospital emergency departments in the ambulatory setting. In 2018, diagnoses were 382,043 for 72,802,098 members, a 9-fold increase in 9 years (Figure 1) and an overall incidence of 525/100,000 persons.The highest incidence and a >11-fold increase during 2009-2018 were observed in persons 15-19 and 20-24 years of age (Figure 2). The increase in incidence was more pronounced in boys and men, especially for those 15-19 (23% lower incidence than girls and women in 2009 vs. 7% higher in 2018) and 20-24 years of age (5% lower incidence in 2009

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reemergence of Scabies Driven by Adolescents and Young Adults, Germany, 2009–2018

Reichert¹,

Schulz²,

Mertens³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…According to results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, there was a 6.6% increase in the global incidence of scabies over the preceding 11-year period (2005 - 2015) ( 6 ). Recently published data confirm that scabies has a seasonal pattern, and most patients are infested in the winter and autumn ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

An increasing scabies incidence in Croatia: A call for coordinated action among dermatologists, physicians and epidemiologists

Lugović-Mihić

Aždajić

Filipović

et al. 2020

Slovenian Journal of Public Health

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IntroductionThe aim of our study was to examine the scabies incidence in the Croatian population and to analyse potential related factors.MethodsThis mixed ecological study is based on a retrospective medical record review. National data from communicable disease reports was sourced and analysed for an 11-year period (2007-2017), with more focus on the period 2014-2017. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate trends. Differences between the groups were studied using Chi-square test and Kendall’s tau (τ) correlation coefficient. Levels of significance were set at p<0.05 or p<0.01.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2017, scabies infestation in Croatia increased by 6-fold, particularly affecting children and young adults (19 years or younger). In the period 2014-2017, border counties which are part of migration flows were the counties with the highest average scabies incidences. A linear trend of increase in the number of tourists, immigrants and scabies infestations was noted on the national level for the analysed period, although a significant association was not observed. Regarding outbreaks of scabies within institutions, more than 80% of outbreaks occurred in institutions for adults. In the capital, Zagreb, the crude incidence rate increased 3-fold between 2014 and 2017.ConclusionsThe increased incidence of scabies, large disparities between counties, and prolonged outbreaks within families due to under-recognition and misdiagnoses points to a need for increased awareness among health practitioners. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first recent epidemiologic analysis on this topic, not only in Croatia but within the wider geographic region as well.

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“…incidence in 2012 was 0.85%, it was reported as 6.67% in 2017 [14]. In Norway, it was reported that the sales of drugs and consultations for scabies increased by three times between 2006-2018 [15]. The increase in scabies incidence was associated with the occurrence of the factors known to support the scabicide resistance, increase in risk groups (children, immunosuppressed and inactive elders, risk groups for sexually transmitted diseases, immigrants and refugees) or increase in prevalence [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in scabies incidence: a retrospective cohort study

Bener¹

2021

The European Research Journal

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Objectives: Recently, there are studies from many countries reporting that scabies incidence has increased. Similarly, there was an increase in the frequency of scabies admitted to our outpatient clinic. Our aim in this study is to draw attention to the increasing incidence of scabies in our region. Methods: The cases diagnosed with scabies in dermatology outpatient clinic between 2010-2019, their demographics and treatments were retrospectively analyzed. Results: It was detected that 949 (0.55%) scabies cases were diagnosed between 2010-2019. When it was analyzed by years, the 3.5 times increase in cases with scabies in 2014 compared to the previous year was found statistically significant (p < 0.05). When data from 2018 was compared with the data from 2010, an increase in the number of cases by 7.6 times was detected in the outpatient numbers with scabies and by 4.7/1000 person-years times in the general population (p < 0.05). Besides, it was determined that the Syrian asylum seekers started to apply to our outpatient clinic as of 2014, and that the scabies incidence was very high within the same year in these patients (27.6%). It was detected that permethrin was prescribed by 88.4% to 868 cases whose treatment details were achieved, and that the ratio of response to treatment was 95.8%. Conclusions:The results we obtained reveal that there was an increased scabies incidence from 2014 in our region. The necessity to immediately and effectively intervene the affected cases to prevent possible epidemic attacks has formed.

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Increase of scabies infestations, Norway, 2006 to 2018

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

Reemergence of Scabies Driven by Adolescents and Young Adults, Germany, 2009–2018

Reemergence of Scabies Driven by Adolescents and Young Adults, Germany, 2009–2018

An increasing scabies incidence in Croatia: A call for coordinated action among dermatologists, physicians and epidemiologists

Increase in scabies incidence: a retrospective cohort study

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