Increased abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus in gut microbiota is associated with moyamoya disease and non-moyamoya intracranial large artery disease

Abstract

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disease endemic in East Asia. The p.R4810K mutation in RNF213 gene confers a risk of MMD, but other factors remain largely unknown. We tested the association of gut microbiota with MMD. Fecal samples were collected from 27 patients with MMD, 7 patients with non-moyamoya intracranial large artery disease (ICAD) and 15 control individuals with other disorders, and 16S rRNA were sequenced. Although there was no difference in alpha diversity or beta diversity between patients with MMD and controls, the cladogram showed Streptococcaceae was enriched in patient samples. The relative abundance analysis demonstrated that 23 species were differentially abundant between patients with MMD and controls. Among them, increased abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus > 0.003 and decreased abundance of Roseburia inulinivorans < 0.002 were associated with higher risks of MMD (odds ratio 9.6, P = 0.0024; odds ratio 11.1, P = 0.0051). Also, Ruminococcus gnavus was more abundant and Roseburia inulinivorans was less abundant in patients with ICAD than controls (P = 0.046, P = 0.012). The relative abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus or Roseburia inulinivorans was not different between the p.R4810K mutant and wildtype. Our data demonstrated that gut microbiota was associated with both MMD and ICAD.

Comparative genomics reveals extensive intra-species genetic divergence of the prevalent gut commensal Ruminococcus gnavus

“…Highthroughput sequencing based studies found the association of R. gnavus with the occurrence of certain intestinal and other major diseases. Association of R. gnavus with adiposity [18], development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [19] and Crohn's disease [20], and moyamoya disease and non-moyamoya intracranial large artery disease [21], have been reported as well; hence, this important gut inhabitant may play a pathogenic role in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome [22]. Contradictory to previous reports, the relative abundance of R. gnavus in overweight/obese patients was found to be significantly increased [23].…”

“…Association of R. gnavus with adiposity [18], development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [19] and Crohn’s disease [20], and moyamoya disease and non-moyamoya intracranial large artery disease [21], have been reported as well; hence, this important gut inhabitant may play a pathogenic role in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome [22]. Contradictory to previous reports, the relative abundance of R.…”

Multiomics and blood-based biomarkers of moyamoya disease: protocol of Moyamoya Omics Atlas (MOYAOMICS)

“…Turning our attention to MMD, one study delved into the intriguing relationship between gut microbiota and this condition. Researchers meticulously examined fecal samples collected from MMD patients, individuals with non-Moyamoya intracranial large artery disease, and control subjects [ 36 ]. While the analysis did not reveal significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between MMD patients and controls, it unveiled distinct variations in the relative abundance of specific microbial species.…”

Prospect of research on anti-atherosclerosis effect of main components of traditional Chinese medicine Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe through gut microbiota: A review

“…Individuals with AS exhibit decreased GM diversity and abundance, as well as an elevated proportion of pathogenic bacteria. [ 14 , 15 ] Dental plaque and bacteria colonizing the gut Firmicutes Veillonella, Streptococcus , and Chlamydia had been found in AS plaque. [ 16 , 17 ] It has also been reported that Porphyromonas gingivalis accelerates AS lesion development through toll-like receptors (TLR)-2-mediated mechanisms [ 18 ] and increases foam cell formation in infected macrophages.…”