Increased aerobic capacity reduces susceptibility to acute high‐fat diet‐induced weight gain

Morris, E. Matthew; Meers, Grace M.; Koch, Lauren G.; Britton, Steven L.; MacLean, Paul S.; Thyfault, John P.

doi:10.1002/oby.21564

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This finding is in agreement with the present results and shows that LCR animals have a limited metabolic flexibility, as demonstrated by accumulation of acetylcarnitine, suggesting an impaired capacity for lipid metabolism . As a result, HCR animals display lower weight gain and feeding efficiency, greater brown adipose mass, as well as greater expression of genes involved in the regulation of thermogenesis compared with LCR after only 1 week of high-fat diet exposure. , …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

High Aerobic Capacity Mitigates Changes in the Plasma Metabolomic Profile Associated with Aging

et al. 2016

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Advancing age is associated with declines in maximal oxygen consumption. Declines in aerobic capacity not only contribute to the aging process but also are an independent risk factor for morbidity, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Although statistically convincing, the relationships between aerobic capacity, aging, and disease risk remain largely unresolved. To this end, we employed sensitive, system-based metabolomics approach to determine whether enhanced aerobic capacity could mitigate some of the changes seen in the plasma metabolomic profile associated with aging. Metabolomic profiles of plasma samples obtained from young (13 month) and old (26 month) rats bred for low (LCR) or high (HCR) running capacity using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) were examined. Results demonstrated strong profile separation in old and low aerobic capacity rats, whereas young and high aerobic capacity rat models were less predictive. Significantly differential metabolites between the groups include taurine, acetone, valine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide among other metabolites, specifically citrate, succinate, isovalerate, and proline, were differentially increased in older HCR animals compared with their younger counterparts. When interactions between age and aerobic capacity were examined, results demonstrated that enhanced aerobic capacity could mitigate some but not all age-associated alterations in the metabolomic profile.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

High Aerobic Capacity Mitigates Changes in the Plasma Metabolomic Profile Associated with Aging

et al. 2016

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“…Further, we have reported that when HVR rats were fed a WD, increased voluntary running appeared to offset the increased energy consumption noted in these animals, negating any potential greater metabolic dysfunction from energy excess. This result has been observed in other short-term feeding studies looking at rats with increased aerobic capacity consuming a short-term, high-fat diet (22). Metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat diet in Sprague-Dawley rats is largely reversible with exercise training (23).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Rats Selectively Bred for High Voluntary Physical Activity Behavior are Not Protected from the Deleterious Metabolic Effects of a Western Diet When Sedentary

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Roberts

Hofheins

et al. 2019

Current Developments in Nutrition

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Background Physical activity and diet are well-established modifiable factors that influence chronic disease risk. We developed a selectively bred, polygenic model for high and low voluntary running (HVR and LVR, respectively) distances. After 8 generations, large differences in running distance were noted. Despite these inherent behavioral differences in physical activity levels, it is unknown whether HVR rats would be inherently protected from diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether HVR rats without voluntary running wheels would be inherently protected from diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Methods Young HVR, LVR, and a wild-type (WT) control group were housed with no running wheel access and fed either a normal diet (ND) or a high-sugar/fat Western diet (WD) for 8 wk. Body weight, percentage body fat (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan), blood lipids [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), nonesterified fatty acids], and hepatic TG content were measured, and indices of insulin sensitivity were determined via an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Additionally, weekly energy intake and feed efficiency were calculated. Results After 8 wk, significant differences in body weight and body fat percentage were noted in all WD animals compared with ND animals, with the LVR-WD exhibiting the greatest increase due, in part, to their enhanced feed efficiency. Lipid dysregulation was present in all WD rat lines compared with ND counterparts. Furthermore, LVR-WD rats had higher total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and TG concentrations, and higher areas under the curve (AUC) for insulin than HVR-WD and WT-WD, although HVR-WD animals had higher AUC glucose than both LVR-WD and WT-WD and higher LDL than WT-WD. Conclusions In the absence of high voluntary running behavior, the genetic predisposition for high running in HVR did not largely protect them from the deleterious effects of a WD compared with LVR, suggesting genetic factors influencing physical activity levels may, in part, be independent from genes influencing metabolism.

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“…However, others have observed an increased food intake in mice with increased liver FAO following the overexpression of CPT-1 [ 39 ]. Our previous findings suggested that the differences in acute HFHS-induced weight gain, body composition changes, and the regulation of food/energy intake are inversely associated with liver tissue PGC1a expression, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial respiratory capacity [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. To specifically assess the role of liver mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and respiratory capacity on short-term HFHS-induced changes in energy homeostasis, we utilized a liver-specific, pgc1a heterozygous mouse model that has previously been observed to have excess lipid accumulation, a reduced expression of fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial genes [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Liver-Specific PGC1a Increases Susceptibility for Short-Term Diet-Induced Weight Gain in Male Mice

et al. 2021

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The central integration of peripheral neural signals is one mechanism by which systemic energy homeostasis is regulated. Previously, increased acute food intake following the chemical reduction of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ATP levels was prevented by common hepatic branch vagotomy (HBV). However, possible offsite actions of the chemical compounds confound the precise role of liver energy metabolism. Herein, we used a hepatocyte PGC1a heterozygous (LPGC1a) mouse model, with associated reductions in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and respiratory capacity, to assess the role of liver energy metabolism in systemic energy homeostasis. LPGC1a male, but not female, mice had a 70% greater high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced weight gain compared to wildtype (WT) mice (p < 0.05). The greater weight gain was associated with altered feeding behavior and lower activity energy expenditure during the HFHS diet in LPGC1a males. WT and LPGC1a mice underwent sham surgery or HBV to assess whether vagal signaling was involved in the HFHS-induced weight gain of male LPGC1a mice. HBV increased HFHS-induced weight gain (85%, p < 0.05) in male WT mice, but not LPGC1a mice. These data demonstrate a sex-specific role of reduced liver energy metabolism in acute diet-induced weight gain, and the need for a more nuanced assessment of the role of vagal signaling in short-term diet-induced weight gain.

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Increased aerobic capacity reduces susceptibility to acute high‐fat diet‐induced weight gain

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

High Aerobic Capacity Mitigates Changes in the Plasma Metabolomic Profile Associated with Aging

High Aerobic Capacity Mitigates Changes in the Plasma Metabolomic Profile Associated with Aging

Rats Selectively Bred for High Voluntary Physical Activity Behavior are Not Protected from the Deleterious Metabolic Effects of a Western Diet When Sedentary

Reduced Liver-Specific PGC1a Increases Susceptibility for Short-Term Diet-Induced Weight Gain in Male Mice

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