Increased Antibiotic Release from a Bone Cement Containing Bacterial Cellulose

Abstract

Background Major disadvantages of antibiotic bone cements include limited drug release and reduced strength resulting from the addition of high doses of antibiotics. Bacterial cellulose, a three-dimensional hydrophilic mesh, may retain antibiotics and release them gradually. We hypothesized that the addition of cellulose to antibiotic bone cement would improve mechanical strength and antibiotic release. Questions/purposes We therefore examined the mechanical strength and antibiotic release of cellulose antibiotic cement.Methods A high dose of antibiotics (5 g per 40 g cement powder) was incorporated into bacterial cellulose and then mixed with bone cement. We compared the compression strength, fracture toughness, fatigue life, and elution kinetics of this formulation with those of plain cement and a traditional antibiotic cement. Results The average values for compression strength, fracture toughness, and fatigue life of the cellulose antibiotic cement were 97%, 97%, and 78% of the values obtained for plain cement, respectively. The corresponding values for the traditional antibiotic cement were 79%, 82%, and 17%, respectively. The cumulative elution over 35 days was 129% greater from the cellulose antibiotic cement than from the traditional antibiotic cement. Conclusions With a high dose of antibiotics, incorporating cellulose into the bone cement prevented compression and fracture fragility, improved fatigue life, and increased antibiotic elution. Clinical Relevance Antibiotic cements containing cellulose may have applications in clinical situations that require high levels of antibiotic release and preservation of the mechanical properties of the cement.

Antimicrobial functionalization of bacterial nanocellulose by loading with polihexanide and povidone-iodine

“…However, the function of BNC can be improved by inclusion of active substances into the biopolymer. For example, low molecular drugs like anesthetics, analgetics, and beta-blockers as well as metal ions, such as silver, or proteins are used in combination with BNC hydrogels for the preparation of drug delivery systems [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Silver in form of ions or nanoparticles is the active substance applied mainly [10,16,17].…”

Thermal and dynamic mechanical characterization of acrylic bone cements modified with biodegradable polymers

“…The incorporation of biodegradable polymers such as poly(e-caprolactone), 16,17 polysaccharides, 18,19 or even bioceramics 20,21 offers new possibilities of tissue-material interaction. In this sense, the incorporation of biodegradable constituents to the formulation opens new areas of knowledge to induce interaction capacity and promote cell growing.…”

“…In this sense, the incorporation of biodegradable constituents to the formulation opens new areas of knowledge to induce interaction capacity and promote cell growing. The incorporation of biodegradable polymers such as poly(e-caprolactone), 16,17 polysaccharides, 18,19 or even bioceramics 20,21 offers new possibilities of tissue-material interaction. It has been proved that, under some conditions, the biodegradation/solubilization process of these components may lead to tissue conduction and/or drug delivery through micropores formation.…”

Biofilm Inhibition by Novel Natural Product- and Biocide-Containing Coatings Using High-Throughput Screening

“…PMMA is a common acrylic polymer material also used in orthopaedic surgery as part of bone cement. Antibiotics are often incorporated into these cements, where subsequent elution produces high local concentrations of antibiotics while simultaneously minimising systemic toxicity [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. A major characteristic of currently available antibiotic cements is that an initial burst of antibiotic elution occurs within 24 h to 48 h, with poor subsequent sustained release [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”