Increased Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Variability Is Associated With Impaired Cognitive Function

Asmuje, Nur Fazidah; Mat, Sumaiyah; Goh, Choon-Hian; Myint, Phyo Kyaw; Tan, Maw Pin

doi:10.1093/ajh/hpac107

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We calculated the standard deviation of BP from the subset of participants with beat-to-beat hemodynamic data at rest because BPV is prognostic for cardiovascular morbidities ( 4 – 11 ), inclusive of during exercise BPV ( 82 ). We also calculated the average real variability index, which is the average of absolute differences between consecutive BP measurements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The leading cause of death in the United States is cardiovascular disease ( 1 ). Cardiovascular disease risk can be predicted by blood pressure (BP) ( 1 ), heart rate variability (HRV) ( 2 , 3 ), blood pressure variability (BPV) ( 4 – 11 ), and cardiac vagal baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) ( 12 – 14 ). These prognostic cardiovascular variables can be affected by respiration because of the dynamic interplay between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute nasal breathing lowers diastolic blood pressure and increases parasympathetic contributions to heart rate variability in young adults

Watso,

Cuba,

Boutwell

et al. 2023

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Introduction: There is growing interest in how breathing pace, pattern, and training (e.g., device-guided or -resisted breathing) affect cardiovascular health. It is unknown whether the route of breathing (nasal versus oral) affects prognostic cardiovascular variables. Because nasal breathing can improve other physiological variables (e.g., airway dilation), we hypothesized that nasal compared with oral breathing would acutely lower blood pressure (BP) and improve heart rate variability (HRV) metrics. Methods: We tested 20 adults in this study (13 Females/7 Males; age: 18[1] years, median[IQR]; body mass index: 23±2 kg•m-2, mean±SD). We compared variables between nasal- and oral-only breathing (random order, five minutes each) using paired, two-tailed t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank paired tests with significance set to p<0.05. We report the median[interquartile range] for diastolic BP and mean±SD for all other variables. Results: We found that nasal breathing was associated with a lower mean BP (nasal: 84±7 vs. oral: 86±5 mmHg, p=0.006, Cohen's d=0.70) and diastolic BP (nasal: 68[8] vs. oral: 72[5] mmHg, p<0.001, Rank-biserial correlation=0.89), but not systolic BP (nasal: 116±11 vs. oral: 117±9 mmHg, p=0.48, Cohen's d=0.16) or heart rate (nasal: 74±10 vs. oral: 75±8 bpm, p=0.90, Cohen's d=0.03). We also found that nasal breathing was associated with a higher High-Frequency (HF) contribution to HRV (nasal: 59±19 vs. oral: 52±21 %, p=0.04, Cohen's d=0.50) and a lower Low-Frequency to HF ratio at rest (nasal: 0.9±0.8 vs. oral: 1.2±0.9, p=0.04, Cohen's d=0.49). Conclusion: These data suggest that nasal compared with oral breathing acutely 1) lowers mean and diastolic BP, 2) does not affect systolic BP or heart rate, and 3) increases parasympathetic contributions to HRV.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute nasal breathing lowers diastolic blood pressure and increases parasympathetic contributions to heart rate variability in young adults

Watso,

Cuba,

Boutwell

et al. 2023

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Advanced cardiovascular physiology in an individual with type 1 diabetes after 10-year ketogenic diet

Watso,

Robinson,

Singar

et al. 2024

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the general population. HbA1c is the primary modifiable risk factor for CVD in T1D. Fewer than 1% of patients achieve euglycemia (<5.7%HbA1c). Ketogenic diets (KD; ≤50g carbohydrate/day) may improve glycemia and downstream vascular dysfunction in T1D by reducing HbA1c and insulin load. However, there are concerns regarding the long-term CVD risk from a KD. Therefore, we compared data collected in a 60-day window in an adult with T1D on exogenous insulin who consumed a KD for 10 years versus normative values in those with T1D (T1D norms). The participant achieved euglycemia with an HbA1c of 5.5%, mean glucose of 98[5]mg/dL(median[IQR]), and 90[11]%time-in-range 70-180mg/dL (T1D norms: 1st percentile for all); and low insulin requirements of 0.38±0.03IU/kg/day (T1D norms: 8th percentile). Seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 113mmHg (T1D norms: 18th percentile) while ambulatory awake SBP was 132±15mmHg (T1D target: <130mmHg), blood triglycerides were 69mg/dL (T1D norms: 34th percentile), low-density lipoprotein was 129mg/dL (T1D norms: 60th percentile), heart rate was 56bpm (T1D norms: >1SD below the mean), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was 7.17m/s (T1D norms: lowest quartile of risk), flow-mediated dilation was 12.8% (T1D norms: >1SD above mean), and cardiac vagal baroreflex gain was 23.5ms/mmHg (T1D norms: >1SD above mean). Finally, there was no indication of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction from echocardiography. Overall, these data demonstrate below-average CVD risk relative to T1D norms despite concerns regarding the long-term impact of a KD on CVD risk.

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Increased Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Variability Is Associated With Impaired Cognitive Function

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

Acute nasal breathing lowers diastolic blood pressure and increases parasympathetic contributions to heart rate variability in young adults

Acute nasal breathing lowers diastolic blood pressure and increases parasympathetic contributions to heart rate variability in young adults

Advanced cardiovascular physiology in an individual with type 1 diabetes after 10-year ketogenic diet

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