Increased body fat mass and androgen metabolism – A twin study in healthy young women

Vihma, Veera; Heinonen, Sini; Naukkarinen, Jussi; Kaprio, Jaakko; Rissanen, Aila; Turpeinen, Ursula; Hämäläinen, Esa; Hakkarainen, Antti; Lundbom, Jesper; Lundbom, Nina; Mikkola, Tomi S.; Tikkanen, Matti J.; Pietiläinen, Kirsi H.

doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2018.08.006

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The link between androgen levels and excess weight in women still has not been clarified. Indeed, a variegated combination of unchanged or reduced levels of DHEA, A4, T and DHT was associated with increasing adiposity in non-PCOS women by studies using high-specificity MS-based assays (31,33,34,36,38,39,40,41). Interestingly, low plasma DHT was associated with increasing dimension and lipogenesis function of omental adipocytes (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroid reference intervals in women: influence of menopause, age and metabolism

Mezzullo

Gambineri

Dalmazi

et al. 2021

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective. To investigate the impact of age, obesity and metabolic parameters on thirteen circulating steroids in reproductive and menopausal age. To define reference intervals (RI). Design. Cross-sectional. Methods. 325 drug-free, healthy and eumenorrheic women were selected from the general population. Independent relationships of LC-MS/MS-determined steroid levels with age, body mass index (BMI) and metabolic parameters were estimated. Reference sub-cohorts were defined for calculating upper and lower limits in reproductive age, menstrual phases and menopause, and these were compared with limits in dysmetabolic sub-cohorts. Results. Lower androgens, pro-androgens and estrogens, but higher cortisol and metabolites were found in menopausal compared to reproductive age women. Androgens and precursors decreased during reproductive age (P<0.001–P=0.002) but not after menopause. 17OH-progesterone decreased with BMI (P=0.006) and glucocorticoids with waist circumference (P<0.001–P=0.002) in reproductive age, but increased with triglycerides (P=0.011-P=0.038) after menopause. Inverse associations of dihydrotestosterone with BMI (P=0.004) and HDL-cholesterol (P=0.010), estrone with total cholesterol (P=0.033) and estradiol with triglycerides (P=0.011) were found in reproductive age. After menopause, estrone increased with waist circumference (P<0.001) and decreased with insulin resistance (P=0.012). Ovarian steroid RI were estimated in menstrual phases and menopause. Age- and reproductive status-specific RI were generated for androgens, precursors and corticosteroids. Lower limits for reproductive age cortisol (P=0.020) and menopausal 11-deoxycortisol (P=0.003) in dysmetabolic sub-cohorts were reduced and increased, respectively, compared to reference limits. Conclusions: Obesity and dysmetabolism differently influence circulating steroids in reproductive and menopausal status. Age, menstrual and menopausal status-specific RI were provided by LC-MS/MS for a broad steroid panel.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroid reference intervals in women: influence of menopause, age and metabolism

Mezzullo

Gambineri

Dalmazi

et al. 2021

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…In men, T production increases in puberty (45) and starts to decline after the age of 20-30 years by up to 1% per year, reaching the lowest levels in men 70 years-old (77). Decreases in T are associated with increased abdominal VAT accumulation (78,79), and restoration of physiological levels of T was shown to decrease abdominal VAT (80,81). There is data that T directly promotes lipid mobilization and inhibits lipid uptake in adipocytes; therefore, loss of T would be expected to increase lipid uptake in adipose tissues.…”

Section: Testosterone and Body Fat Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of body fat distribution in humans may provide insight about obesity-related health risks

Frank

Santos

Palmer

et al. 2019

Journal of Lipid Research

180

133

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“…In women as in men, androgen levels correspond with expression of particular genes in adipose tissue. In a monozygotic twin study, 35 expressions of steroid sulfatase and expression of AKR1C3 and AKR1C2, which regulate conversion between different androgens, as well as HSD11B1 (responsible for cortisone conversion to cortisol, as has been found in men) in adipose tissue are significantly higher in the heavier twins, suggesting that there might be local differences in androgen uptake and regulation, even as serum androgen levels were similar. Along similar lines, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, androgen exposure increases adipocyte de novo lipid synthesis 36 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Sex steroids and adiposity in a prospective observational cohort of youth

Kim

Harrall

Glueck

et al. 2021

Obesity Science & Practice

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Objective Adiposity, particularly visceral adipose tissue (VAT), predicts adverse cardiovascular risk factor profiles in children as well as adults. Although endogenous sex steroids likely influence VAT in adults, such an association has not been established in youth. The association between childhood and adolescent sex steroids with adiposity, specifically VAT, was examined before and after adjustment for other hormone changes. Methods These analyses examined longitudinal associations between sex steroids (testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]) and magnetic resonance imaging assessments of VAT in 418 children, 49% of whom were non‐White, at approximately 10 years old at Visit 1 (V1) and 17 years old at Visit 2 (V2). Linear mixed effects models adjusted for maternal education, household income, child caloric intake, physical activity, fasting insulin and leptin, and hepatic fat fraction. Differences in associations by race and pubertal stage were also assessed. Results At V1, mean body mass index (BMI) for boys was 19.1 (4.7) kg/m2 and for girls was 18.5 (4.1) kg/m2. At V2, mean BMI for boys was 23.7 (5.5) kg/m2 and for girls was 23.6 (5.7) kg/m2. For each ng/dl (0.035 nmol/L) increase in testosterone at V1, there was a 0.25 cm2 increase in concurrent and future VAT in non‐White (p = 0.04) but not White girls (p = 0.78). Higher levels of testosterone and DHEA at V1 were associated with greater concurrent and future VAT at V2. These associations were consistent regardless of pubertal stage. In boys, higher testosterone predicted higher future VAT but lower concurrent VAT. Estradiol and DHEA did not predict future VAT in boys. In girls, DHEA predicted future subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and no sex steroids predicted future SAT in boys. Conclusions Testosterone levels predict VAT in boys and girls, and DHEA predicts VAT in girls, even after adjustment for other hormone changes.

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Increased body fat mass and androgen metabolism – A twin study in healthy young women

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Steroid reference intervals in women: influence of menopause, age and metabolism

Steroid reference intervals in women: influence of menopause, age and metabolism

Determinants of body fat distribution in humans may provide insight about obesity-related health risks

Sex steroids and adiposity in a prospective observational cohort of youth

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