Increased Brain Activation During the Processing of Spatially Invalidly Cued Targets

Abstract

Abstract:In a spatial central cue Posner´s paradigm, positions in the vertical meridian were cued in order to evaluate the neuro-cognitive consequences in the processing of validly cued (VC) and invalidly cued (IC) targets. Sixty-four EEG channels were recorded and analyzed showing that IC targets produced an enhanced P3 component with respect to VC targets. With the purpose of reinforcing the idea of increased activation during IC targets and to define the areas in which the increased activation would occur, source localization was applied to the ERPs. LORETA and single dipole localization showed that the early P3 presented a localization in the dorsal part of the anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), while the late P3 was fitted by single dipole more posterior than the early P3, and LORETA added a source in the parahippocampal gyrus in addition to the already activated dACC. LORETA results also showed a differential activation of the inferior frontal gyrus when IC targets were processed. The previous results suggest that subjects prepare to accomplish the task upon specification of the cue. Therefore, when the IC target appears, it induces the activation of the frontal cortex including areas related to the conflict monitoring system and to the processing of unexpected events. The IC targets also induce the revision of internal models about the task, possibly by activation of the temporo-mesial surface. All the obtained current source differences indicate that a higher brain activation during IC trials with respect to VC trials occurs.

Neurotoxic effects of home radon exposure on oscillatory dynamics serving attentional orienting in children and adolescents

“…Similar findings have been demonstrated using magneto- and electroencephalographic (M/EEG) methods probing the temporally-sensitive dynamics (e.g., Gómez et al 2008 ). For instance, in healthy adult populations, neural oscillatory activity related to attentional reorienting in the theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–14 Hz), and beta (14–24 Hz) bands has been detected in the superior parietal and intraparietal sulcus, along with the FEF, inferior frontal gyrus, and prefrontal cortices ( Arif et al, 2020a ; Proskovec et al, 2018a ).…”

“…They did not show the same exhaustion of resources as their younger counterparts; rather, older youth showed a pattern of necessary and increasing engagement with more toxic exposure. Several previous studies of attentional reorientation have reported validity effects in the parahippocampal area ( Gómez et al, 2008 ; Vossel et al, 2006 ). Research suggests that parahippocampal activity related to attentional reorientation during invalid trials may be connected to revision of the task model due to the critical role of the hippocampus and parahippocampal area in forming transient memory traces of the characteristics within an environment ( Gómez et al, 2008 ).…”

A Potential Role of the Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Anterior Insula in Cognitive Control, Brain Rhythms, and Event-Related Potentials

“…A recent MEG study found the late positive potential, which is sensitive to stimulus saliency, and Pe, to share similar STS sources (Helenius et al, 2010 ). The ventral cortical attentional saliency network involving IFG/AI, STG, temporo-parietal junction, and inferior parietal lobe, is sensitive to stimulus novelty and is the neural basis of the P3 potential response to novelty (e.g., Horn et al, 2003 ; Mulert et al, 2004 ; Gómez et al, 2008 ; Li et al, 2009 ), and fMRI regions that correlate with the amplitude of the P3 are insula, thalamus and right medial frontal gyrus (Horovitz et al, 2002 ). The stimulus-preceding anticipatory relatively right-lateralized negative potential that precedes aversive stimuli and feedback and seems to depend on its affective–motivational properties, was localized into the IFG/AI (Böcker et al, 1994 ; Lavric et al, 2008 ; Kotani et al, 2009 ; see also Brunia et al, 2000 ; Stern and Mangels, 2006 ).…”

Enhancing allocation of visual attention with emotional cues presented in two sensory modalities

“…Thus, independent of emotional presence or absence, spatial validity corresponded inversely to the P3a-activity. With spatial cueing the P3a has been so far mainly investigated with predictive designs (i.e., 75% valid vs. 25% invalid conditions), where the low probability of invalid stimuli increases their novelty character of spatial position [ 16 , 24 , 28 , 29 ]. However, while the P3a validity differential activation might be larger in predictive cueing, it was still present in the current unpredictive cueing design (50% valid/invalid).…”