Increased calcium content and inhomogeneity of mineralization render bone toughness in osteoporosis: Mineralization, morphology and biomechanics of human single trabeculae

Temporal Changes in Bone Composition, Architecture, and Strength Following Estrogen Deficiency in Osteoporosis

“…Some studies have reported that mineral content is decreased [35,36] while others have shown an increase [5,37,38]. The current study found no significant reduction in mineral-to-matrix ratio at twelve months although a strong downward trend was evident (p=0.1) however, by thirty-one months this reduction in ratio had reached statistical significance.…”

Characterising Bone Material Composition and Structure in the Ovariectomized (OVX) Rat Model of Osteoporosis

“…Compared with healthy bone, osteoporotic bone has been suggested to have lower mineral content [29,30] with a few reported exceptions using non-spectroscopic methods [31][32][33], unchanged acid phosphate content [34] and augmented mineral crystallinity [30,35], carbonate content [30,34] and collagen maturity [36].…”

Nanostructure and elastic modulus of single trabecula in bovine cancellous bone

“…In the literature, the elastic modulus of a single trabecula varied in the range of 2-16 GPa under a dry condition (Carretta et al, 2013b(Carretta et al, , 2013cBusse et al, 2009;Bini et al, 2002;Rho et al, 1993) and in the range of 1-17 GPa under a wet condition (Lorenzetti et al, 2011;Szabó et al, 2011;Jungmann et al, 2011;McNamara et al, 2006), including different species, ages, locations, size, and mechanical tests. In particular, Carretta et al, (2013c), using tensile tests, indicated that the elastic modulus of dried trabeculae of bovine femurs was 11.8 GPa, and Szabó et al (2011), using bending tests, indicated that the elastic modulus of wet specimens of bovine femurs varied from 1.1 to 16.5 GPa.…”

“…Tensile tests (Carretta et al, 2013b(Carretta et al, , 2013cMcNamara et al, 2006;Hernandez et al, 2005;Bini et al, 2002;Rho et al, 1993) and bending tests (Carretta et al, 2013b(Carretta et al, , 2013cHambli and Thurner, 2013;Lorenzetti et al, 2011;Szabó et al, 2011;Jungmann et al, 2011;Busse et al, 2009;Choi and Goldstein, 1992) of a single trabecula were conducted and some studies compared with finite element models (Carretta et al, 2013b(Carretta et al, , 2013cMcNamara et al, 2006;Hambli and Thurner, 2013;Lorenzetti et al, 2011;Jungmann et al, 2011) to investigate the elastic and post-yield 6/44 mechanical properties. Nanoindentation tests were also conducted to obtain the elastic modulus and hardness (Tjhia et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2010;Wolfram et al, 2010;Brennan et al, 2009;Rho et al, 1999); however, the measured values did not necessarily correspond to those obtained in the testing of the whole trabecula.…”